Abstract
Polyamines (PAs) are ubiquitous low-molecular-weight aliphatic polycations in all living organisms, which are crucial for plant response to abiotic and biotic stresses. The role of PAs in plant disease resistance has been well documented. However, their involvement in plant–pest interactions remains unclear. Here, the role of PAs in rice against striped stem borer (SSB, Chilo suppressalis Walker), a destructive pest in rice production worldwide, was investigated. SSB larval infestation led to a substantial accumulation of free putrescine (Put) in rice seedlings, which was in parallel with an elevated expression of host PA biosynthesis genes Arginine Decarboxylase1 (ADC1) and ADC2. Moreover, SSB larval oral secretion application with wounding further raised the transcripts of ADC1 and ADC2 in rice compared with wounding treatment alone. The larval growth on both rice plants and artificial diet was promoted by the exogenous application of PA and inhibited by a PA biosynthesis inhibitor. On the other hand, the rice defense responses, including polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD) activities, as well as protease inhibitor level, were enhanced by a Put supplement and reduced by an ADC inhibitor. Our results indicate that SSB herbivory triggers polyamine accumulation in host rice plants, which is beneficial to SSB in rice–SSB interaction.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Striped stem borer larval infestation increased free putrescine accumulation in rice seedlings.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Organ / stage
- seedlingse0
- Treatment
- SSB larval infestatione0
- Interactor
- SSBe0pest
- Outcome
- accumulation of free putrescine (Put)e0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SSB larval infestation led to a substantial accumulation of free putrescine (Put) in rice seedlings, which was in parallel with an elevated expression of host PA biosynthesis genes Arginine Decarboxylase1 (ADC1) and ADC2”
Claim · model-written summary
Striped stem borer larval infestation elevated expression of rice polyamine biosynthesis genes ADC1 and ADC2.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- SSB larval infestatione0
- Interactor
- SSBe0pest
- Gene
- Arginine Decarboxylase1 (ADC1)e0
- Outcome
- expression of host PA biosynthesis genes Arginine Decarboxylase1 (ADC1) and ADC2e0
- Direction
- elevatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SSB larval infestation led to a substantial accumulation of free putrescine (Put) in rice seedlings, which was in parallel with an elevated expression of host PA biosynthesis genes Arginine Decarboxylase1 (ADC1) and ADC2”
Claim · model-written summary
SSB larval oral secretion with wounding further raised ADC1 and ADC2 transcripts in rice compared with wounding alone.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- SSB larval oral secretion application with woundinge1
- Interactor
- SSBe1pest
- Gene
- ADC1 and ADC2e1
- Outcome
- transcripts of ADC1 and ADC2e1
- Direction
- further raisede1
- Comparator
- wounding treatment alonee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“SSB larval oral secretion application with wounding further raised the transcripts of ADC1 and ADC2 in rice compared with wounding treatment alone”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous PA application promoted larval growth of striped stem borer on rice plants and artificial diet.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae2
- Treatment
- exogenous application of PAe2
- Interactor
- Striped Stem Borert0pest
- Outcome
- larval growthe2
- Direction
- promotede2
- Setting
- artificial diete2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“The larval growth on both rice plants and artificial diet was promoted by the exogenous application of PA and inhibited by a PA biosynthesis inhibitor”
t0“Herbivory by Striped Stem Borer Triggers Polyamine Accumulation in Host Rice Plants to Promote Its Larval Growth”
Claim · model-written summary
A PA biosynthesis inhibitor inhibited larval growth of striped stem borer on rice plants and artificial diet.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae2
- Treatment
- PA biosynthesis inhibitore2
- Interactor
- Striped Stem Borert0pest
- Outcome
- larval growthe2
- Direction
- inhibitede2
- Setting
- artificial diete2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“The larval growth on both rice plants and artificial diet was promoted by the exogenous application of PA and inhibited by a PA biosynthesis inhibitor”
t0“Herbivory by Striped Stem Borer Triggers Polyamine Accumulation in Host Rice Plants to Promote Its Larval Growth”
Claim · model-written summary
A Put supplement enhanced rice polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase activities and protease inhibitor level.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae3
- Treatment
- Put supplemente3
- Outcome
- polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD) activities, as well as protease inhibitor levele3
- Direction
- enhancede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“On the other hand, the rice defense responses, including polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD) activities, as well as protease inhibitor level, were enhanced by a Put supplement and reduced by an ADC inhibitor”
Claim · model-written summary
An ADC inhibitor reduced rice polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase activities and protease inhibitor level.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae3
- Treatment
- ADC inhibitore3
- Outcome
- polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD) activities, as well as protease inhibitor levele3
- Direction
- reducede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“On the other hand, the rice defense responses, including polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD) activities, as well as protease inhibitor level, were enhanced by a Put supplement and reduced by an ADC inhibitor”
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