Abstract
Studies were conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm of Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Bauchi during the 2001 and 2002 rainy seasons. Extracts of Anona reticulate (Pers.) seed; Anacardium occidentale (Linn.) nut and Azadirachia indica (A.) Juss.) seed were evaluated for their efficacy against field insect pests of cowpea. All treatments exhibited significant (P < 0.05) protection of cowpea pods and seeds from Megalurothrips sjostedii (Tryp.), Maruca vitrata (Fab.) and pod-sucking bugs damage compared with the untreated control. Differences among extracts were not significant but the extracts were less effective than larnbda-cyhalothrin (Karate(R) applied at 20 g a:i.lha. A. occidentale. A. reticulata and A. indica had 32.5%; 30.5%; 25.5% and 31.5%; 29.0%; 24.0% pod damage in 2001 and 2002 respectively as against 78% and 66.3% pod damage in the untreated control. Synthetic insecticide showed least pod damage (16% and 15%) in both years. Plant extracts gave 659 – 740 kg/ha and 733 – 808.3 kg/ha. higher grain yield respectively in both years while untreated plots gave 205 and 302 kg/ha. Yields obtained from Lambda-cyhalothrin treated plots were 1191.5 and 1271.5 kg/ha in both years. The plant extracts which are readily available and cheap within Bauchi could be used as alternative to synthetic insecticide to increase cowpea yield.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
The three plant extracts significantly protected cowpea pods and seeds from field insect damage versus untreated controls.
- Taxon
- Cowpea
Vigna unguiculatat0 - Treatment
- All treatmentse0
- Interactor
- Megalurothrips sjostediie0pest
- Outcome
- protection of cowpea pods and seedse0
- Direction
- protectione0
- Qualifier
- Maruca vitrata (Fab.) and pod-sucking bugse0
- Comparator
- untreated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cowpea”
e0“All treatments exhibited significant (P < 0.05) protection of cowpea pods and seeds from Megalurothrips sjostedii (Tryp.), Maruca vitrata (Fab.) and pod-sucking bugs damage compared with the untreated control”
Claim · model-written summary
Differences in efficacy among the extracts were not significant.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Outcome
- Differences among extractse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cowpea”
e0“Differences among extracts were not significant”
Claim · model-written summary
The extracts were less effective than lambda-cyhalothrin.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- the extractse0
- Outcome
- less effectivee0
- Direction
- less effectivee0
- Comparator
- larnbda-cyhalothrine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cowpea”
e0“the extracts were less effective than larnbda-cyhalothrin (Karate(R) applied at 20 g a:i.lha”
Claim · model-written summary
Anacardium extract yielded 32.5% pod damage in 2001.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- A. occidentalee0
- Outcome
- pod damagee0
- Value
- 32.5%e0
- Qualifier
- 2001e0
- Comparator
- untreated controle0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cowpea”
e0“A. occidentale. A. reticulata and A. indica had 32.5%; 30.5%; 25.5% and 31.5%; 29.0%; 24.0% pod damage in 2001 and 2002 respectively as against 78% and 66.3% pod damage in the untreated control”
Claim · model-written summary
Anacardium extract yielded 31.5% pod damage in 2002.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- A. occidentalee0
- Outcome
- pod damagee0
- Value
- 31.5%e0
- Qualifier
- 2002e0
- Comparator
- untreated controle0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cowpea”
e0“A. occidentale. A. reticulata and A. indica had 32.5%; 30.5%; 25.5% and 31.5%; 29.0%; 24.0% pod damage in 2001 and 2002 respectively as against 78% and 66.3% pod damage in the untreated control”
Claim · model-written summary
Annona extract yielded 30.5% pod damage in 2001.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- A. reticulatae0
- Outcome
- pod damagee0
- Value
- 30.5%e0
- Qualifier
- 2001e0
- Comparator
- untreated controle0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cowpea”
e0“A. occidentale. A. reticulata and A. indica had 32.5%; 30.5%; 25.5% and 31.5%; 29.0%; 24.0% pod damage in 2001 and 2002 respectively as against 78% and 66.3% pod damage in the untreated control”
Claim · model-written summary
Annona extract yielded 29.0% pod damage in 2002.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- A. reticulatae0
- Outcome
- pod damagee0
- Value
- 29.0%e0
- Qualifier
- 2002e0
- Comparator
- untreated controle0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cowpea”
e0“A. occidentale. A. reticulata and A. indica had 32.5%; 30.5%; 25.5% and 31.5%; 29.0%; 24.0% pod damage in 2001 and 2002 respectively as against 78% and 66.3% pod damage in the untreated control”
Claim · model-written summary
Azadirachia extract yielded 25.5% pod damage in 2001.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- A. indicae0
- Outcome
- pod damagee0
- Value
- 25.5%e0
- Qualifier
- 2001e0
- Comparator
- untreated controle0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cowpea”
e0“A. occidentale. A. reticulata and A. indica had 32.5%; 30.5%; 25.5% and 31.5%; 29.0%; 24.0% pod damage in 2001 and 2002 respectively as against 78% and 66.3% pod damage in the untreated control”
Claim · model-written summary
Azadirachia extract yielded 24.0% pod damage in 2002.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- A. indicae0
- Outcome
- pod damagee0
- Value
- 24.0%e0
- Qualifier
- 2002e0
- Comparator
- untreated controle0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cowpea”
e0“A. occidentale. A. reticulata and A. indica had 32.5%; 30.5%; 25.5% and 31.5%; 29.0%; 24.0% pod damage in 2001 and 2002 respectively as against 78% and 66.3% pod damage in the untreated control”
Claim · model-written summary
Synthetic insecticide yielded 16% pod damage in 2001.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- Synthetic insecticidee0
- Outcome
- pod damagee0
- Direction
- leaste0
- Value
- 16%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cowpea”
e0“Synthetic insecticide showed least pod damage (16% and 15%) in both years”
Claim · model-written summary
Synthetic insecticide yielded 15% pod damage in 2002.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- Synthetic insecticidee0
- Outcome
- pod damagee0
- Direction
- leaste0
- Value
- 15%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cowpea”
e0“Synthetic insecticide showed least pod damage (16% and 15%) in both years”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant extracts produced 659–740 kg/ha grain yield in 2001, above untreated plots.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- Plant extractse0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 659 – 740 kg/hae0
- Comparator
- untreated plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cowpea”
e0“Plant extracts gave 659 – 740 kg/ha and 733 – 808.3 kg/ha. higher grain yield respectively in both years while untreated plots gave 205 and 302 kg/ha”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant extracts produced 733–808.3 kg/ha grain yield in 2002, above untreated plots.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- Plant extractse0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 733 – 808.3 kg/hae0
- Comparator
- untreated plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cowpea”
e0“Plant extracts gave 659 – 740 kg/ha and 733 – 808.3 kg/ha. higher grain yield respectively in both years while untreated plots gave 205 and 302 kg/ha”
Claim · model-written summary
Lambda-cyhalothrin treated plots yielded 1191.5 kg/ha in 2001.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- Lambda-cyhalothrine0
- Outcome
- Yieldse0
- Value
- 1191.5e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cowpea”
e0“Yields obtained from Lambda-cyhalothrin treated plots were 1191.5 and 1271.5 kg/ha in both years”
Claim · model-written summary
Lambda-cyhalothrin treated plots yielded 1271.5 kg/ha in 2002.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- Lambda-cyhalothrine0
- Outcome
- Yieldse0
- Value
- 1271.5 kg/hae0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cowpea”
e0“Yields obtained from Lambda-cyhalothrin treated plots were 1191.5 and 1271.5 kg/ha in both years”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend the locally available plant extracts as alternatives to synthetic insecticide for increasing cowpea yield.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Outcome
- alternative to synthetic insecticide to increase cowpea yielde0
- Setting
- Bauchie0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cowpea”
e0“The plant extracts which are readily available and cheap within Bauchi could be used as alternative to synthetic insecticide to increase cowpea yield”
The same questions in other papers
lambda-cyhalothrin · yield · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Anacardium occidentale · pest · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
insecticide · pest · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Positive and negative results
22 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
20 papers more in this group
See all 24 papers →botanical · yield · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Positive and negative results
77 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- no effect
- positive
76 papers more in this group
See all 80 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.