Abstract
Abstract The prevalence of cadmium (Cd)‐polluted agricultural soils is increasing globally, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can reduce the absorption of heavy metals by plants and improve mineral nutrition. However, the immobilization of the rhizosphere on cadmium is often overlooked. In this study, Glomus mosseae and Medicago sativa were established as symbiotes, and Cd migration and environmental properties in the rhizosphere were analyzed. AMF reduced Cd migration, and Cd 2+ changed to an organic‐bound state. AMF symbiosis treatment and Cd exposure resulted in microbial community variation, exhibiting a distinct deterministic process (|βNTI| > 2), which ultimately resulted in a core microbiome function of heavy metal resistance and nutrient cycling. AMF increased available N and P, extracellular enzyme activity (LaC, LiP, and CAT), organic matter content (TOC, EOC, and GRSP), and Eh of the rhizosphere soil, significantly correlating with decreased Cd migration ( p < 0.05). Furthermore, AMF significantly affected root metabolism by upregulating 739 metabolites, with flavonoids being the main factor causing microbiome variation. The structural equation model and variance partial analysis revealed that the superposition of the root metabolites, microbial, and soil exhibited the maximum explanation rate for Cd migration reduction (42.4%), and the microbial model had the highest single explanation rate (15.5%). Thus, the AMF in the rhizosphere microenvironment can regulate metabolite–soil–microbial interactions, reducing Cd migration. In summary, the study provides a new scientific explanation for how AMF improves plant Cd tolerance and offers a sustainable solution that could benefit both the environment and human health.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
AMF reduced cadmium migration in the Medicago sativa rhizosphere.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativa
Medicago sativae0 - Treatment
- AMFe0
- Interactor
- Glomus mosseae
Funneliformis mosseaee0symbiont - Outcome
- Cd migratione0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Glomus mosseae and Medicago sativa were established as symbiotes, and Cd migration and environmental properties in the rhizosphere were analyzed. AMF reduced Cd migration”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium changed to an organic-bound state under AMF symbiosis.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativaMedicago sativae1
- Interactor
- Glomus mosseaeFunneliformis mosseaee1symbiont
- Outcome
- Cd 2+ changed to an organic‐bound statee0
- Direction
- changede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AMF reduced Cd migration, and Cd 2+ changed to an organic‐bound state”
e1“Glomus mosseae and Medicago sativa were established as symbiotes”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF symbiosis and Cd exposure altered the microbial community with a deterministic assembly signal.
- Treatment
- AMF symbiosis treatment and Cd exposuree0
- Outcome
- microbial community variatione0
- Direction
- variatione0
- Value
- |βNTI| > 2e0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“AMF symbiosis treatment and Cd exposure resulted in microbial community variation, exhibiting a distinct deterministic process (|βNTI| > 2)”
Claim · model-written summary
The resulting core microbiome function involved heavy-metal resistance and nutrient cycling.
- Outcome
- core microbiome function of heavy metal resistance and nutrient cyclinge0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“a core microbiome function of heavy metal resistance and nutrient cycling”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF increased available nitrogen and phosphorus in rhizosphere soil.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“AMF increased available N and P, extracellular enzyme activity (LaC, LiP, and CAT), organic matter content (TOC, EOC, and GRSP), and Eh of the rhizosphere soil”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF increased extracellular enzyme activity in the rhizosphere.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“AMF increased available N and P, extracellular enzyme activity (LaC, LiP, and CAT), organic matter content (TOC, EOC, and GRSP), and Eh of the rhizosphere soil”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF increased rhizosphere organic matter content.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“AMF increased available N and P, extracellular enzyme activity (LaC, LiP, and CAT), organic matter content (TOC, EOC, and GRSP), and Eh of the rhizosphere soil”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF increased rhizosphere soil Eh.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“AMF increased available N and P, extracellular enzyme activity (LaC, LiP, and CAT), organic matter content (TOC, EOC, and GRSP), and Eh of the rhizosphere soil”
Claim · model-written summary
These rhizosphere properties correlated significantly with reduced Cd migration.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“AMF increased available N and P, extracellular enzyme activity (LaC, LiP, and CAT), organic matter content (TOC, EOC, and GRSP), and Eh of the rhizosphere soil, significantly correlating with decreased Cd migration ( p < 0.05)”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF upregulated 739 root metabolites.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“AMF significantly affected root metabolism by upregulating 739 metabolites”
Claim · model-written summary
Flavonoids were the main factor associated with microbiome variation.
Not reportedTaxonDirection
Verbatim
e0“flavonoids being the main factor causing microbiome variation”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined root metabolite, microbial and soil model explained 42.4% of Cd migration reduction.
Verbatim
e0“the superposition of the root metabolites, microbial, and soil exhibited the maximum explanation rate for Cd migration reduction (42.4%)”
Claim · model-written summary
The microbial model alone explained 15.5% of Cd migration reduction.
Verbatim
e0“the microbial model had the highest single explanation rate (15.5%)”
The same questions in other papers
mycorrhiza · molecular: metabolites · Medicago sativa (alfalfa)Positive and negative results
12 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
10 papers more in this group
See all 14 papers →mycorrhiza · soil: biology · Medicago sativa (alfalfa)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
mycorrhiza · soil: chemistry · Medicago sativa (alfalfa)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
mycorrhiza · Funneliformis mosseae · Medicago sativa (alfalfa)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.