Abstract
Field trials were conducted in two locations in Spain to determine the effect of methyl bromide (MBr) alternatives on soilborne diseases and nematodes, and strawberry ( Fragaria × ananassa ) yields under high-tunnel conditions. Fumigant treatments were applied to the same plots each year. Treatments were MBr + chloropicrin (Pic) (50:50, v/v) at a rate of 400 kg·ha −1 ; 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) + Pic (65:35, v/v) at 300 kg·ha −1 ; Pic at 300 kg·ha −1 ; dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) + Pic (50:50, v/v) at 500 kg·ha −1 ; propylene oxide at 550 kg·ha −1 ; dazomet at 400 kg·ha −1 ; and calcium cyanamide (Ca-cyanamide) at 700 kg·ha −1 . A nontreated control was also included. Fumigation with MBr + Pic, 1,3-D + Pic, Pic, and DMDS + Pic consistently improved early and total marketable strawberry yields in both locations. This response was caused by successful soilborne fungus and nematode control, improving strawberry growth and development, which resulted in increased plant canopy diameters and higher strawberry early and total yield.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Fumigation with MBr + Pic improved early and total marketable strawberry yields in both Spanish locations.
- Taxon
- Strawberry
_single2.jpg?width=60)
Fragaria ×ananassat0 - Treatment
- MBr + Pice0
- Outcome
- early and total marketable strawberry yieldse0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- nontreated controle1
- Setting
- both locationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_single2.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Fumigation with MBr + Pic, 1,3-D + Pic, Pic, and DMDS + Pic consistently improved early and total marketable strawberry yields in both locations.”
e1“A nontreated control was also included.”
t0“Strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Fumigation with 1,3-D + Pic improved early and total marketable strawberry yields in both Spanish locations.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- 1,3-D + Pice0
- Outcome
- early and total marketable strawberry yieldse0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- nontreated controle1
- Setting
- both locationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fumigation with MBr + Pic, 1,3-D + Pic, Pic, and DMDS + Pic consistently improved early and total marketable strawberry yields in both locations.”
e1“A nontreated control was also included.”
t0“Strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Fumigation with Pic improved early and total marketable strawberry yields in both Spanish locations.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- Pice0
- Outcome
- early and total marketable strawberry yieldse0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- nontreated controle1
- Setting
- both locationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fumigation with MBr + Pic, 1,3-D + Pic, Pic, and DMDS + Pic consistently improved early and total marketable strawberry yields in both locations.”
e1“A nontreated control was also included.”
t0“Strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Fumigation with DMDS + Pic improved early and total marketable strawberry yields in both Spanish locations.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- DMDS + Pice0
- Outcome
- early and total marketable strawberry yieldse0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- nontreated controle1
- Setting
- both locationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fumigation with MBr + Pic, 1,3-D + Pic, Pic, and DMDS + Pic consistently improved early and total marketable strawberry yields in both locations.”
e1“A nontreated control was also included.”
t0“Strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
The successful fumigations controlled soilborne fungus and nematodes.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- Fumigation with MBr + Pic, 1,3-D + Pic, Pic, and DMDS + Pice1
- Outcome
- soilborne fungus and nematode controle0
- Direction
- controle0
- Comparator
- nontreated controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This response was caused by successful soilborne fungus and nematode control”
e1“Fumigation with MBr + Pic, 1,3-D + Pic, Pic, and DMDS + Pic consistently improved early and total marketable strawberry yields in both locations.”
e2“A nontreated control was also included.”
t0“Strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
The successful control improved strawberry growth and development, including increased canopy diameter.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Outcome
- increased plant canopy diameterse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- improving strawberry growth and developmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“improving strawberry growth and development, which resulted in increased plant canopy diameters and higher strawberry early and total yield”
t0“Strawberry”
The same questions in other papers
dimethyl disulfide · quality: postharvest · Fragaria x ananassa (strawberry)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- positive
bromomethane · quality: postharvest · Fragaria x ananassa (strawberry)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
bromomethane · Nematoda · Fragaria x ananassa (strawberry)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
dimethyl disulfide · Nematoda · Fragaria x ananassa (strawberry)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
solarization · Nematoda · Fragaria x ananassa (strawberry)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.