Abstract
The experiment was conducted at the lowland experimental field of National Cereals Research Institute, Badeggi. (90 45N, 600 7E, Alt, 70.57 m) in the Southern Guinea Savannah Agro-ecological zone of Nigeria in 2020-2022 cropping seasons The study was to evaluate the effect of pre-rice cropping cassava/legume intercrops and different weed management practices on weed control efficiency, growth and productivity of low land rice. The trial was conducted in two stages. The first (preceding intercropping) The treatments consisted of Mucuna puriens, Cowpea, Soybean, Lablab purpureus and Aeschynomene histrix that were intercropped with cassava (IIT 427 variety), sole cassava and natural fallow were also included as treatments. These were laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design and replicated three times. Cassava/legume intercropping was carried out in January using residual moisture on raised beds that were prepared manually. Plot size used was 12.5 x 5 m with alley way of 0.5 m. Beds were constructed at 2.5 m long, 0.5 m wide and 0.75 m high. Planting of Cassava was done on the top sides of beds in two rows with the intra-row spacing of 0.5 (ten stands per bed) and planting of legumes were 0.5 m x 9.25 inter and intra-row spacing respectively except for soybean which was planted drilled at 5 cm intra row spacing immediately the beds were constructed. The cassava/legume cropping was harvested in August The second trial was the planting of rice on the plots previously cropped with cassava/legume intercrops. The trial was laid out in split plot design. Cassava/legume intercrop systems were allocated to the main plot, while weed management practices:- (i) Application of 4. 0 (propanil at 1.44 kg a.i. ha-1 plus 2,4 D at 0.80 kg a.i ha-1 ( Orizo plusR, at the rate of 2.24 kg a.i ha-1 at 3 weeks after transplanting (WAT) followed by hand weeding at 6 WAT (ii) two hand weedings at 3 and 6 WAT (iii) one hand weeding at 3 WAT, and (iv) weedy check were put into the sub plots with size of 12.5 x 5 m for main plots while and sub plot size was 3 x 5 m three replications. The results of treatments indicated that rice planted after cassava/Mucuna, cassava/Aeschynomene intercrops under two hand weeding and herbicide followed by one hand weeding produced lower density and dry matter. Weed control efficiency was higher in rice planted after cassava/mucuna intercrop. Weed reduction percentage range from 25-45 %, 30-50 % and 45-65 % in rice grown after cassava/legume intercrop compared to rice after fallow in 2011, 2012 and 2013 respectively. Higher rice plant height, higher number of rice tiller/stand were recorded in rice grown after cassava/Mucuna, cassava/Aeschynomene. Rice panicles per m2 and rice grain yield were increased by 72.9%, 83.6% and 84.1% in 2011, 2012 and 2013, respectively, with two hand weeding when compared with zero weeding. Rice planted after natural fallow under zero weeding produced higher weed density which resulted in poor rice performances. Rice planted after cassava Mucuna consistently controlled weed growth while cassava/cowpea and cassava Aeschynomene performed much better in rice production hence should be adopted as cropping systems for farmers
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Rice planted after cassava/Mucuna and cassava/Aeschynomene intercrops under two hand weeding and herbicide produced lower weed density and dry matter.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- two hand weedinge1
- Outcome
- density and dry mattere1
- Direction
- lowere1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice planted after cassava/Mucuna”
e1“rice planted after cassava/Mucuna, cassava/Aeschynomene intercrops under two hand weeding and herbicide followed by one hand weeding produced lower density and dry matter”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed control efficiency was higher in rice planted after cassava/Mucuna intercrop.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- cassava/mucuna intercrope2
- Outcome
- Weed control efficiencye2
- Direction
- highere2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice planted after cassava/Mucuna”
e2“Weed control efficiency was higher in rice planted after cassava/mucuna intercrop”
Claim · model-written summary
In 2011, weed reduction in rice after cassava/legume intercrops was 25-45 % compared with rice after fallow.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- cassava/legume intercrope3
- Outcome
- Weed reduction percentagee3
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede3
- Value
- 25-45 %e3
- Comparator
- rice after fallowe3
- Setting
- 2011e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice planted after cassava/Mucuna”
e3“Weed reduction percentage range from 25-45 %, 30-50 % and 45-65 % in rice grown after cassava/legume intercrop compared to rice after fallow in 2011, 2012 and 2013 respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
In 2012, weed reduction in rice after cassava/legume intercrops was 30-50 % compared with rice after fallow.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- cassava/legume intercrope3
- Outcome
- Weed reduction percentagee3
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede3
- Value
- 30-50 %e3
- Comparator
- rice after fallowe3
- Setting
- 2012e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice planted after cassava/Mucuna”
e3“Weed reduction percentage range from 25-45 %, 30-50 % and 45-65 % in rice grown after cassava/legume intercrop compared to rice after fallow in 2011, 2012 and 2013 respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
In 2013, weed reduction in rice after cassava/legume intercrops was 45-65 % compared with rice after fallow.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- cassava/legume intercrope3
- Outcome
- Weed reduction percentagee3
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede3
- Value
- 45-65 %e3
- Comparator
- rice after fallowe3
- Setting
- 2013e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice planted after cassava/Mucuna”
e3“Weed reduction percentage range from 25-45 %, 30-50 % and 45-65 % in rice grown after cassava/legume intercrop compared to rice after fallow in 2011, 2012 and 2013 respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
In 2011, two hand weeding increased rice panicles per m2 and grain yield by 72.9% compared with zero weeding.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativae4
- Treatment
- two hand weedinge4
- Outcome
- Rice panicles per m2 and rice grain yielde4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Value
- 72.9%e4
- Comparator
- zero weedinge4
- Setting
- 2011e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice planted after cassava/Mucuna”
e4“Rice panicles per m2 and rice grain yield were increased by 72.9%, 83.6% and 84.1% in 2011, 2012 and 2013, respectively, with two hand weeding when compared with zero weeding”
Claim · model-written summary
In 2012, two hand weeding increased rice panicles per m2 and grain yield by 83.6% compared with zero weeding.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativae4
- Treatment
- two hand weedinge4
- Outcome
- Rice panicles per m2 and rice grain yielde4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Value
- 83.6%e4
- Comparator
- zero weedinge4
- Setting
- 2012e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice planted after cassava/Mucuna”
e4“Rice panicles per m2 and rice grain yield were increased by 72.9%, 83.6% and 84.1% in 2011, 2012 and 2013, respectively, with two hand weeding when compared with zero weeding”
Claim · model-written summary
In 2013, two hand weeding increased rice panicles per m2 and grain yield by 84.1% compared with zero weeding.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativae4
- Treatment
- two hand weedinge4
- Outcome
- Rice panicles per m2 and rice grain yielde4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Value
- 84.1%e4
- Comparator
- zero weedinge4
- Setting
- 2013e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice planted after cassava/Mucuna”
e4“Rice panicles per m2 and rice grain yield were increased by 72.9%, 83.6% and 84.1% in 2011, 2012 and 2013, respectively, with two hand weeding when compared with zero weeding”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice after natural fallow under zero weeding had higher weed density, which resulted in poor rice performance.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- natural fallow under zero weedinge5
- Outcome
- weed densitye5
- Direction
- highere5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice planted after cassava/Mucuna”
e5“Rice planted after natural fallow under zero weeding produced higher weed density which resulted in poor rice performances”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice planted after cassava Mucuna consistently controlled weed growth.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativae6
- Treatment
- cassava Mucunae6
- Outcome
- weed growthe6
- Direction
- controllede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice planted after cassava/Mucuna”
e6“Rice planted after cassava Mucuna consistently controlled weed growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher rice plant height was recorded in rice grown after cassava/Mucuna and cassava/Aeschynomene.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- cassava/Mucunae7
- Outcome
- rice plant heighte7
- Direction
- Highere7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice planted after cassava/Mucuna”
e7“Higher rice plant height, higher number of rice tiller/stand were recorded in rice grown after cassava/Mucuna, cassava/Aeschynomene”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher numbers of rice tillers per stand were recorded in rice grown after cassava/Mucuna and cassava/Aeschynomene.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- cassava/Mucunae7
- Outcome
- number of rice tiller/stande7
- Direction
- highere7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice planted after cassava/Mucuna”
e7“Higher rice plant height, higher number of rice tiller/stand were recorded in rice grown after cassava/Mucuna, cassava/Aeschynomene”
Claim · model-written summary
Cassava/cowpea and cassava/Aeschynomene cropping systems should be adopted by farmers for rice production.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Outcome
- should be adopted as cropping systemse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice planted after cassava/Mucuna”
e1“cassava/cowpea and cassava Aeschynomene performed much better in rice production hence should be adopted as cropping systems for farmers”
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