Abstract
Abstract Upper Egypt experiences high temperatures during summer and low temperatures during winter, which significantly impacts the sowing dates of maize in this region. The productivity of maize crops and water use efficiency can be greatly affected by water stress and sowing dates (SDs). Therefore, it is crucial to determine the optimal irrigation level and SDs based on local conditions. To assess the effects, two irrigation levels were employed: (1) control (full irrigation water applied) and (2) 70% of irrigation water. Field experiments were conducted at the National Water Research Center's water studies and research complex station in Toshka. The aim was to evaluate two irrigation levels (full and limited irrigation) across five SDs (early: mid-February and March, normal: mid-June, and late: mid-August and September) in both 2019 and 2020, in order to identify the ideal sowing date (SD) and irrigation level. The normal SD resulted in an increased the growth season length between plant emergence and maturity. Conversely, the late SD reduced the number of days until plant maturity, resulting in higher grain yields and water use efficiency (WUE). Notably, the SD in September, coupled with the 70% irrigation level, yielded the highest productivity and WUE, with a productivity of 7014 kg ha −1 and a WUE of 0. 9 kg m −3 . Based on the findings, it is recommended that regions with similar conditions consider cultivating maize seeds in September, adopting a 70% irrigation level, to achieve optimal N uptake, growth traits (plant height, ear length, ear weight, number of rows per ear, and grain index weight), yield, and WUE.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Normal sowing increased the period from emergence to maturity.
- Treatment
- normal SDe0
- Outcome
- growth season length between plant emergence and maturitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“The normal SD resulted in an increased the growth season length between plant emergence and maturity.”
Claim · model-written summary
Late sowing shortened time to maturity.
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the late SD reduced the number of days until plant maturity, resulting in higher grain yields and water use efficiency (WUE).”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Late sowing increased grain yields.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the late SD reduced the number of days until plant maturity, resulting in higher grain yields and water use efficiency (WUE).”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Late sowing increased water use efficiency (WUE).
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the late SD reduced the number of days until plant maturity, resulting in higher grain yields and water use efficiency (WUE).”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
September sowing with 70% irrigation gave the highest productivity.
- Treatment
- SD in September, coupled with the 70% irrigation levele0
- Outcome
- productivitye0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 7014 kg ha −1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the SD in September, coupled with the 70% irrigation level, yielded the highest productivity and WUE, with a productivity of 7014 kg ha −1 and a WUE of 0. 9 kg m −3 .”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
September sowing with 70% irrigation gave the highest WUE.
- Treatment
- SD in September, coupled with the 70% irrigation levele0
- Outcome
- WUEe0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 0. 9 kg m −3e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the SD in September, coupled with the 70% irrigation level, yielded the highest productivity and WUE, with a productivity of 7014 kg ha −1 and a WUE of 0. 9 kg m −3 .”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend September sowing with 70% irrigation in similar regions.
- Outcome
- cultivating maize seeds in September, adopting a 70% irrigation levele0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it is recommended that regions with similar conditions consider cultivating maize seeds in September, adopting a 70% irrigation level, to achieve optimal N uptake, growth traits (plant height, ear length, ear weight, number of rows per ear, and grain index weight), yield, and WUE.”
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