Abstract
Seed plants have evolved a complex root system consisting of at least three root types, i.e., adventitious roots, lateral roots, and the primary root. Auxin is the key hormone that controls the initiation of different root types. Here, we show that protein complexes with different combinations of intermediate-clade WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOXs (IC-WOXs) and class-A AUXIN RESPONSE FACTORs (A-ARFs) initiate the three root types in Arabidopsis thaliana. In adventitious root founder cells from detached leaves, the WOX11-ARF6/8 complex activates RGF1 INSENSITIVEs (RGIs) and LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES DOMAIN 16 (LBD16) to initiate the adventitious root primordium. In lateral root founder cells, ARF7/19 activate RGIs and LBD16 without IC-WOX to initiate the lateral root primordium. In the primary root founder cell (i.e., hypophysis of an embryo), the WOX9-ARF5 complex initiates the primary root by activation of RGIs. Overall, the WOX-ARF modules show a division of labor to initiate different type of roots.
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Claims 4
Claim · model-written summary
IC-WOX and A-ARF protein complexes initiate three root types.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis thalianae0 - Gene
- intermediate-clade WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOXs (IC-WOXs) and class-A AUXIN RESPONSE FACTORs (A-ARFs)e0
- Outcome
- initiate the three root typese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“protein complexes with different combinations of intermediate-clade WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOXs (IC-WOXs) and class-A AUXIN RESPONSE FACTORs (A-ARFs) initiate the three root types in Arabidopsis thaliana.”
Claim · model-written summary
WOX11-ARF6/8 activates RGIs and LBD16 to initiate adventitious root primordia.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Organ / stage
- adventitious root founder cellse0
- Gene
- WOX11-ARF6/8e0
- Outcome
- initiate the adventitious root primordiume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In adventitious root founder cells from detached leaves, the WOX11-ARF6/8 complex activates RGF1 INSENSITIVEs (RGIs) and LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES DOMAIN 16 (LBD16) to initiate the adventitious root primordium.”
t0“in Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
ARF7/19 activate RGIs and LBD16 without IC-WOX to initiate lateral root primordia.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Organ / stage
- lateral root founder cellse0
- Gene
- ARF7/19e0
- Outcome
- initiate the lateral root primordiume0
- Qualifier
- without IC-WOXe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In lateral root founder cells, ARF7/19 activate RGIs and LBD16 without IC-WOX to initiate the lateral root primordium.”
t0“in Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
WOX9-ARF5 activates RGIs to initiate the primary root in the embryonic hypophysis.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Organ / stage
- hypophysis of an embryoe0
- Gene
- WOX9-ARF5e0
- Outcome
- initiates the primary roote0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the primary root founder cell (i.e., hypophysis of an embryo), the WOX9-ARF5 complex initiates the primary root by activation of RGIs.”
t0“in Arabidopsis thaliana”