Abstract
Combining cover crops with multifunctional microorganisms provides significant increments in the grain productivity of soybean and upland rice crops. However, there are still few studies that aimed to evaluate the effect of this combination on the productivity of agricultural systems. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of the mix of cover crops and the co-inoculation of multifunctional rhizobacteria on the quality of the soil, yield components, and on the grain yield of soybean and upland rice. The experimental design was in random blocks with 24 treatments in a 6x2x2 factorial scheme. Treatments were the combination of 6 (5 mix of cover crops (mixture of seeds of different cover crops species) and the control (fallow), 2 (upland rice and soybeans), 2 (co-inoculated (inoculation with two microorganisms) or not (no microorganisms), with four replications. Combination of cover crops provided an increase in Ca and Mn levels in the soil, increased activity of soil quality indicator enzymes (phosphatase and arylsulfatase), higher soybean yield, and higher number of upland rice panicles. The co-inoculation with multifunctional rhizobacteria led to an increase in phosphorus levels in the soil, the number of pods per plant, the mass of 100 grains for soybean cultivation, the number of grains per panicle, and productivity of upland rice. Therefore, a mix of cover crops, combined with the co-inoculation with multifunctional rhizobacteria are sustainable agricultural practices that can contribute to the improvement of soil quality and the increase of the productivity of soybean and upland rice crops
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Cover crop combinations increased soil calcium and manganese levels.
- Taxon
- soybean and upland rice
Glycine max
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- Combination of cover cropse0
- Outcome
- Ca and Mn levels in the soile0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Comparator
- fallowe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Combination of cover crops provided an increase in Ca and Mn levels in the soil”
t0“Sustainable agricultural practices to improve soil quality and productivity of soybean and upland rice”
e1“Treatments were the combination of 6 (5 mix of cover crops (mixture of seeds of different cover crops species) and the control (fallow), 2 (upland rice and soybeans), 2 (co-inoculated (inoculation with two microorganisms) or not (no microorganisms), with four replications. Combination of cover crops provided an increase in Ca and Mn levels in the soil, increased activity of soil quality indicator enzymes (phosphatase and arylsulfatase), higher soybean yield, and higher number of upland rice panicles. The co-inoculation with multifunctional rhizobacteria led to an increase in phosphorus levels in the soil, the number of pods per plant, the mass of 100 grains for soybean cultivation, the number of grains per panicle, and productivity of upland rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Cover crop combinations increased soil phosphatase and arylsulfatase activity.
- Taxon
- soybean and upland riceGlycine maxOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Combination of cover cropse1
- Outcome
- activity of soil quality indicator enzymes (phosphatase and arylsulfatase)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- fallowe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased activity of soil quality indicator enzymes (phosphatase and arylsulfatase)”
t0“Sustainable agricultural practices to improve soil quality and productivity of soybean and upland rice”
e1“Treatments were the combination of 6 (5 mix of cover crops (mixture of seeds of different cover crops species) and the control (fallow), 2 (upland rice and soybeans), 2 (co-inoculated (inoculation with two microorganisms) or not (no microorganisms), with four replications. Combination of cover crops provided an increase in Ca and Mn levels in the soil, increased activity of soil quality indicator enzymes (phosphatase and arylsulfatase), higher soybean yield, and higher number of upland rice panicles. The co-inoculation with multifunctional rhizobacteria led to an increase in phosphorus levels in the soil, the number of pods per plant, the mass of 100 grains for soybean cultivation, the number of grains per panicle, and productivity of upland rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Cover crop combinations raised soybean yield.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Combination of cover cropse1
- Outcome
- soybean yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- fallowe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher soybean yield”
t0“Sustainable agricultural practices to improve soil quality and productivity of soybean and upland rice”
e1“Treatments were the combination of 6 (5 mix of cover crops (mixture of seeds of different cover crops species) and the control (fallow), 2 (upland rice and soybeans), 2 (co-inoculated (inoculation with two microorganisms) or not (no microorganisms), with four replications. Combination of cover crops provided an increase in Ca and Mn levels in the soil, increased activity of soil quality indicator enzymes (phosphatase and arylsulfatase), higher soybean yield, and higher number of upland rice panicles. The co-inoculation with multifunctional rhizobacteria led to an increase in phosphorus levels in the soil, the number of pods per plant, the mass of 100 grains for soybean cultivation, the number of grains per panicle, and productivity of upland rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Cover crop combinations raised upland rice panicle number.
- Taxon
- upland riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Combination of cover cropse1
- Outcome
- number of upland rice paniclese0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- fallowe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher number of upland rice panicles”
t0“Sustainable agricultural practices to improve soil quality and productivity of soybean and upland rice”
e1“Treatments were the combination of 6 (5 mix of cover crops (mixture of seeds of different cover crops species) and the control (fallow), 2 (upland rice and soybeans), 2 (co-inoculated (inoculation with two microorganisms) or not (no microorganisms), with four replications. Combination of cover crops provided an increase in Ca and Mn levels in the soil, increased activity of soil quality indicator enzymes (phosphatase and arylsulfatase), higher soybean yield, and higher number of upland rice panicles. The co-inoculation with multifunctional rhizobacteria led to an increase in phosphorus levels in the soil, the number of pods per plant, the mass of 100 grains for soybean cultivation, the number of grains per panicle, and productivity of upland rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizobacterial co-inoculation increased soil phosphorus.
- Taxon
- soybean and upland riceGlycine maxOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- co-inoculation with multifunctional rhizobacteriae0
- Interactor
- multifunctional rhizobacteriae0other
- Outcome
- phosphorus levels in the soile0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Comparator
- no microorganismse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The co-inoculation with multifunctional rhizobacteria led to an increase in phosphorus levels in the soil”
t0“Sustainable agricultural practices to improve soil quality and productivity of soybean and upland rice”
e1“Treatments were the combination of 6 (5 mix of cover crops (mixture of seeds of different cover crops species) and the control (fallow), 2 (upland rice and soybeans), 2 (co-inoculated (inoculation with two microorganisms) or not (no microorganisms), with four replications. Combination of cover crops provided an increase in Ca and Mn levels in the soil, increased activity of soil quality indicator enzymes (phosphatase and arylsulfatase), higher soybean yield, and higher number of upland rice panicles. The co-inoculation with multifunctional rhizobacteria led to an increase in phosphorus levels in the soil, the number of pods per plant, the mass of 100 grains for soybean cultivation, the number of grains per panicle, and productivity of upland rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizobacterial co-inoculation increased soybean pods per plant and mass of 100 grains.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- co-inoculation with multifunctional rhizobacteriae1
- Interactor
- multifunctional rhizobacteriae1other
- Outcome
- number of pods per plant, the mass of 100 grainse0
- Direction
- increasee1
- Comparator
- no microorganismse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the number of pods per plant, the mass of 100 grains for soybean cultivation”
t0“Sustainable agricultural practices to improve soil quality and productivity of soybean and upland rice”
e1“Treatments were the combination of 6 (5 mix of cover crops (mixture of seeds of different cover crops species) and the control (fallow), 2 (upland rice and soybeans), 2 (co-inoculated (inoculation with two microorganisms) or not (no microorganisms), with four replications. Combination of cover crops provided an increase in Ca and Mn levels in the soil, increased activity of soil quality indicator enzymes (phosphatase and arylsulfatase), higher soybean yield, and higher number of upland rice panicles. The co-inoculation with multifunctional rhizobacteria led to an increase in phosphorus levels in the soil, the number of pods per plant, the mass of 100 grains for soybean cultivation, the number of grains per panicle, and productivity of upland rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizobacterial co-inoculation increased upland rice grains per panicle and productivity.
- Taxon
- upland riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- co-inoculation with multifunctional rhizobacteriae1
- Interactor
- multifunctional rhizobacteriae1other
- Outcome
- number of grains per panicle, and productivity of upland ricee0
- Direction
- increasee1
- Comparator
- no microorganismse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the number of grains per panicle, and productivity of upland rice”
t0“Sustainable agricultural practices to improve soil quality and productivity of soybean and upland rice”
e1“Treatments were the combination of 6 (5 mix of cover crops (mixture of seeds of different cover crops species) and the control (fallow), 2 (upland rice and soybeans), 2 (co-inoculated (inoculation with two microorganisms) or not (no microorganisms), with four replications. Combination of cover crops provided an increase in Ca and Mn levels in the soil, increased activity of soil quality indicator enzymes (phosphatase and arylsulfatase), higher soybean yield, and higher number of upland rice panicles. The co-inoculation with multifunctional rhizobacteria led to an increase in phosphorus levels in the soil, the number of pods per plant, the mass of 100 grains for soybean cultivation, the number of grains per panicle, and productivity of upland rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that combining cover crops and rhizobacteria can improve soil quality and crop productivity.
- Taxon
- soybean and upland riceGlycine maxOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- a mix of cover crops, combined with the co-inoculation with multifunctional rhizobacteriae0
- Outcome
- improvement of soil quality and the increase of the productivitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a mix of cover crops, combined with the co-inoculation with multifunctional rhizobacteria are sustainable agricultural practices that can contribute to the improvement of soil quality and the increase of the productivity of soybean and upland rice crops”
t0“Sustainable agricultural practices to improve soil quality and productivity of soybean and upland rice”
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