Abstract
ABSTRACT: Lettuce and arugula are the most cultivated leafy vegetables in hydroponic systems in the world, and the little information about Azospirillum brasilense effects in research in this system makes it necessary to verify the best method of inoculation of these bacteria. Therefore, this study aimed to verify the beneficial effects of inoculation methods of A. brasilense on plant growth and nutrition of lettuce and arugula grown in the hydroponic system. The study was conducted in a greenhouse with 30% shading. A randomized block design with five replicates in a 4 × 2 factorial scheme was used. Four A. brasilense inoculation methods (non-inoculated, foliar application, nutrient solution, and nutrient solution + foliar application) and two leafy vegetable species - arugula and lettuce - were evaluated. All inoculation methods improved plant height, shoot fresh and dry mass, root fresh and dry mass, fresh leaf yield, leaf chlorophyll index, accumulation of nitrogen, potassium, calcium, sulfur, phosphorus, iron, manganese, and copper and reduced nitrate accumulation in shoot and root of arugula and lettuce. Inoculation via nutrient solution + foliar application of A. brasilense is the most suitable for hydroponic arugula cultivation because it provides greater fresh leaf yield. All inoculation methods increased leaf yield in hydroponic lettuce. Hydroponic arugula and lettuce plants showed greater accumulation of nutrients and plant growth with less nitrate accumulation in the shoot under inoculation with A. brasilense.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation improved height and shoot and root mass of arugula and lettuce.
- Taxon
- arugula and lettuce
Lactuca sativa
Eruca vesicaria subsp. sativae0 - Treatment
- All inoculation methodse0
- Interactor
- Azospirillum brasilense
Azospirillum brasilenset0symbiont - Outcome
- plant height, shoot fresh and dry mass, root fresh and dry masse0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All inoculation methods improved plant height, shoot fresh and dry mass, root fresh and dry mass, fresh leaf yield, leaf chlorophyll index, accumulation of nitrogen, potassium, calcium, sulfur, phosphorus, iron, manganese, and copper and reduced nitrate accumulation in shoot and root of arugula and lettuce.”
t0“Azospirillum brasilense in lettuce and arugula”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation improved fresh leaf yield of arugula and lettuce.
- Taxon
- arugula and lettuceLactuca sativaEruca vesicaria subsp. sativae0
- Treatment
- All inoculation methodse0
- Interactor
- Azospirillum brasilenseAzospirillum brasilenset0symbiont
- Outcome
- fresh leaf yielde0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All inoculation methods improved plant height, shoot fresh and dry mass, root fresh and dry mass, fresh leaf yield, leaf chlorophyll index, accumulation of nitrogen, potassium, calcium, sulfur, phosphorus, iron, manganese, and copper and reduced nitrate accumulation in shoot and root of arugula and lettuce.”
t0“Azospirillum brasilense in lettuce and arugula”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation improved chlorophyll index and nutrient accumulation in both vegetables.
- Taxon
- arugula and lettuceLactuca sativaEruca vesicaria subsp. sativae0
- Treatment
- All inoculation methodse0
- Interactor
- Azospirillum brasilenseAzospirillum brasilenset0symbiont
- Outcome
- leaf chlorophyll index, accumulation of nitrogen, potassium, calcium, sulfur, phosphorus, iron, manganese, and coppere0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All inoculation methods improved plant height, shoot fresh and dry mass, root fresh and dry mass, fresh leaf yield, leaf chlorophyll index, accumulation of nitrogen, potassium, calcium, sulfur, phosphorus, iron, manganese, and copper and reduced nitrate accumulation in shoot and root of arugula and lettuce.”
t0“Azospirillum brasilense in lettuce and arugula”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation reduced nitrate accumulation in shoots and roots of both vegetables.
- Taxon
- arugula and lettuceLactuca sativaEruca vesicaria subsp. sativae0
- Treatment
- All inoculation methodse0
- Interactor
- Azospirillum brasilenseAzospirillum brasilenset0symbiont
- Outcome
- nitrate accumulation in shoot and roote0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All inoculation methods improved plant height, shoot fresh and dry mass, root fresh and dry mass, fresh leaf yield, leaf chlorophyll index, accumulation of nitrogen, potassium, calcium, sulfur, phosphorus, iron, manganese, and copper and reduced nitrate accumulation in shoot and root of arugula and lettuce.”
t0“Azospirillum brasilense in lettuce and arugula”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined nutrient solution and foliar inoculation is recommended for arugula because of greater leaf yield.
- Taxon
- arugulaEruca vesicaria subsp. sativae0
- Treatment
- Inoculation via nutrient solution + foliar application of A. brasilensee0
- Interactor
- A. brasilenseAzospirillum brasilensee0symbiont
- Outcome
- most suitable for hydroponic arugula cultivatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation via nutrient solution + foliar application of A. brasilense is the most suitable for hydroponic arugula cultivation because it provides greater fresh leaf yield.”
The same questions in other papers
inoculation · Azospirillum brasilense · Eruca vesicariaResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
inoculation · Azospirillum brasilense · Lactuca sativa (garden lettuce)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.