Abstract
The length of the Arabidopsis thaliana life cycle depends on the timing of the floral transition. Here, we define the relationship between the plant stress hormone ethylene and the timing of floral initiation. Ethylene signaling is activated by diverse environmental stresses, but it was not previously clear how ethylene regulates flowering. First, we show that ethylene delays flowering in Arabidopsis, and that this delay is partly rescued by loss-of-function mutations in genes encoding the DELLAs, a family of nuclear gibberellin (GA)-regulated growth-repressing proteins. This finding suggests that ethylene may act in part by modulating DELLA activity. We also show that activated ethylene signaling reduces bioactive GA levels, thus enhancing the accumulation of DELLAs. Next, we show that ethylene acts on DELLAs via the CTR1-dependent ethylene response pathway, most likely downstream of the transcriptional regulator EIN3. Ethylene-enhanced DELLA accumulation in turn delays flowering via repression of the floral meristem-identity genes LEAFY (LFY) and SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS 1 (SOC1). Our findings establish a link between the CTR1/EIN3-dependent ethylene and GA-DELLA signaling pathways that enables adaptively significant regulation of plant life cycle progression in response to environmental adversity.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Ethylene delayed flowering in Arabidopsis.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis thalianae1 - Treatment
- ethylenee0
- Outcome
- floweringe0
- Direction
- delayse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ethylene delays flowering in Arabidopsis”
e1“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Loss-of-function mutations in DELLA genes partly rescued the ethylene flowering delay.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Treatment
- loss-of-function mutations in genes encoding the DELLAse0
- Gene
- DELLAse0
- Outcome
- this delaye0
- Direction
- partly rescuede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“this delay is partly rescued by loss-of-function mutations in genes encoding the DELLAs”
e1“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Activated ethylene signaling reduced bioactive GA levels.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- activated ethylene signalinge0
- Outcome
- bioactive GA levelse0
- Direction
- reducese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“activated ethylene signaling reduces bioactive GA levels”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced bioactive GA enhanced DELLA accumulation.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Gene
- DELLAse0
- Outcome
- accumulation of DELLAse0
- Direction
- enhancinge0
- Qualifier
- thuse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“thus enhancing the accumulation of DELLAs”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethylene acted on DELLAs via the CTR1-dependent response pathway, likely downstream of EIN3.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Gene
- DELLAse0
- Outcome
- ethylene acts on DELLAse0
- Qualifier
- CTR1-dependent ethylene response pathway, most likely downstream of the transcriptional regulator EIN3e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ethylene acts on DELLAs via the CTR1-dependent ethylene response pathway, most likely downstream of the transcriptional regulator EIN3”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethylene-enhanced DELLA accumulation delayed flowering by repressing LFY and SOC1.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Gene
- LEAFY (LFY) and SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS 1 (SOC1)e0
- Outcome
- delays floweringe0
- Qualifier
- via repressione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ethylene-enhanced DELLA accumulation in turn delays flowering via repression of the floral meristem-identity genes LEAFY (LFY) and SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS 1 (SOC1)”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.