Abstract
Ash-leaved maple and black locust belong to the most actively spreading woody invasive species in flora of Belarus. In process of control of these plants by mechanical destruction, a potential use of their phytomass as mulch in gardening is considered. For such usage, the negative allelopathic effect of the phytomass on other plants should be assessed. In the paper the effects of the complex of unidentified biologically active substances from Acer negundo and Robinia pseudoacacia are studied. This is achieved by a method of biotesting: seeds of Lepidium sativum, Raphanus sativus, and Daucus carota were incubated in vitro with water extracts from green leaves of Acer negundo and Robinia pseudoacacia, grounded into powder before extraction. The percent of germinated seeds, length of main root, and length of hypocotylus were recorded. The experimental concentrations of phytomass for extracts were 5, 10, 50, and 100 g/l; distilled water was in control. Two variants of phytomass were tested: green leaves, dried on sun, and green leaves, exposed to rain, but dried on sun before such exposing. The results show that A. negundo has higher allelopathic (phytotoxic) activity, than R. pseudoacacia. In particular, extract from maple (100 g/l) completely suppressed seed germination of all three test plants, whereas extract from black locust (100 g/l) had statistically neutral effect (slightly decreased the percent of germinated seeds) on radish and carrot. As a rule, the inhibitory effect on all three studied parameters of germlings become higher along with increase of extract concentration. Exceptions were the growth of main root in carrot, which was slightly stimulated by extracts from maple (10 g/l) and black locust (50 g/l). The leaf mass of both species after exposing to rain partly lost its inhibitory allelopathic activity. The phytomass of A. negundo after such exposition demonstrated 2.3 times less inhibition effect on growth of roots in watercress (extract 10 g/l). In some cases the phytomass, exposed to rain, had stimulating action on germlings: extract from maple (5 g/l) increased the percentage of germinated seeds in carrot on 25 %; extract from black locust (5 g/l) provoked 1.9 times elongation of root in carrot in comparison with control; extracts from black locust (5-50 g/l) stimulated 1.3-1.4 times elongation of hypocotylus in watercress. Test plants showed different sensitivity to the same extracts. In particular, black locust extract (100 g/l) decreased the number of germinated seeds for watercress to 3.8 %, but only to 89.3 % for carrot. Black locust extract (leaves, exposed to rain, 100 g/l) decreased the average root length in watercress in 4.5 times, but in radish - in 1.5 times.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Extract from Acer negundo at 100 g/l completely suppressed seed germination of all three test plants, compared with distilled water
- Taxon
- Acer negundo
Acer negundoe1 - Treatment
- extract from maple (100 g/l)e3
- Outcome
- seed germinatione3
- Direction
- completely suppressede3
- Comparator
- distilled watere4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the effects of the complex of unidentified biologically active substances from Acer negundo and Robinia pseudoacacia are studied”
e3“extract from maple (100 g/l) completely suppressed seed germination of all three test plants”
e4“distilled water was in control”
Claim · model-written summary
Extract from black locust at 100 g/l had a statistically neutral effect, slightly decreasing germination of radish and carrot seeds
- Taxon
- black locust
Robinia pseudoacaciae2 - Treatment
- extract from black locust (100 g/l)e5
- Outcome
- percent of germinated seedse5
- Direction
- slightly decreasede5
- Comparator
- distilled watere4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Ash-leaved maple and black locust belong to the most actively spreading woody invasive species in flora of Belarus”
e4“distilled water was in control”
e5“extract from black locust (100 g/l) had statistically neutral effect (slightly decreased the percent of germinated seeds) on radish and carrot”
Claim · model-written summary
The inhibitory effect of extracts on all three germling parameters became higher as extract concentration increased
- Taxon
- Acer negundoAcer negundoe1
- Treatment
- increase of extract concentratione6
- Outcome
- inhibitory effect on all three studied parameters of germlingse6
- Direction
- highere6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the effects of the complex of unidentified biologically active substances from Acer negundo and Robinia pseudoacacia are studied”
e6“As a rule, the inhibitory effect on all three studied parameters of germlings become higher along with increase of extract concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf phytomass of both species, after exposure to rain, partly lost its inhibitory allelopathic activity
- Taxon
- Acer negundoAcer negundoe1
- Treatment
- exposing to raine7
- Outcome
- inhibitory allelopathic activitye7
- Direction
- partly loste7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the effects of the complex of unidentified biologically active substances from Acer negundo and Robinia pseudoacacia are studied”
e7“The leaf mass of both species after exposing to rain partly lost its inhibitory allelopathic activity”
Claim · model-written summary
Acer negundo leaf phytomass had higher allelopathic (phytotoxic) activity than Robinia pseudoacacia
- Taxon
- A. negundoAcer negundoe3
- Outcome
- allelopathic (phytotoxic) activitye3
- Direction
- highere3
- Comparator
- R. pseudoacaciae3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“The results show that A. negundo has higher allelopathic (phytotoxic) activity, than R. pseudoacacia”
Claim · model-written summary
Acer negundo phytomass after rain exposure showed 2.3 times less inhibition of watercress root growth at extract 10 g/l
- Taxon
- Acer negundoAcer negundoe1
- Treatment
- extract 10 g/le3
- Interactor
- watercress
Nasturtium officinalee3other - Outcome
- inhibition effect on growth of roots in watercresse3
- Direction
- lesse3
- Value
- 2.3 timese3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the effects of the complex of unidentified biologically active substances from Acer negundo and Robinia pseudoacacia are studied”
e3“The phytomass of A. negundo after such exposition demonstrated 2.3 times less inhibition effect on growth of roots in watercress (extract 10 g/l)”
Claim · model-written summary
Extract from maple at 5 g/l increased the germination percentage of carrot seeds by 25 %
- Taxon
- Acer negundoAcer negundoe1
- Treatment
- extract from maple (5 g/l)e3
- Interactor
- carrot
Daucus carotae3other - Outcome
- percentage of germinated seedse3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Value
- 25 %e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the effects of the complex of unidentified biologically active substances from Acer negundo and Robinia pseudoacacia are studied”
e3“extract from maple (5 g/l) increased the percentage of germinated seeds in carrot on 25 %”
Claim · model-written summary
Extract from black locust at 5 g/l elongated carrot root 1.9 times compared with control
- Taxon
- black locustRobinia pseudoacaciae2
- Treatment
- extract from black locust (5 g/l)e3
- Interactor
- carrotDaucus carotae3other
- Outcome
- elongation of root in carrote3
- Direction
- provokede3
- Value
- 1.9 timese3
- Comparator
- controle3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Ash-leaved maple and black locust belong to the most actively spreading woody invasive species in flora of Belarus”
e3“extract from black locust (5 g/l) provoked 1.9 times elongation of root in carrot in comparison with control”
Claim · model-written summary
Extracts from black locust at 5-50 g/l stimulated watercress hypocotyl elongation 1.3-1.4 times
- Taxon
- black locustRobinia pseudoacaciae2
- Treatment
- extracts from black locust (5-50 g/l)e3
- Interactor
- watercressNasturtium officinalee3other
- Outcome
- elongation of hypocotyluse3
- Direction
- stimulatede3
- Value
- 1.3-1.4 timese3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Ash-leaved maple and black locust belong to the most actively spreading woody invasive species in flora of Belarus”
e3“extracts from black locust (5-50 g/l) stimulated 1.3-1.4 times elongation of hypocotylus in watercress”
Claim · model-written summary
Black locust extract at 100 g/l decreased watercress seed germination to 3.8 %
- Taxon
- black locustRobinia pseudoacaciae2
- Treatment
- black locust extract (100 g/l)e3
- Interactor
- watercressNasturtium officinalee3other
- Outcome
- number of germinated seedse3
- Direction
- decreasede3
- Value
- 3.8 %e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Ash-leaved maple and black locust belong to the most actively spreading woody invasive species in flora of Belarus”
e3“black locust extract (100 g/l) decreased the number of germinated seeds for watercress to 3.8 %”
Claim · model-written summary
Black locust leaf extract exposed to rain at 100 g/l decreased watercress root length 4.5 times
- Taxon
- black locustRobinia pseudoacaciae2
- Treatment
- Black locust extract (leaves, exposed to rain, 100 g/l)e3
- Interactor
- watercressNasturtium officinalee3other
- Outcome
- average root lengthe3
- Direction
- decreasede3
- Value
- 4.5 timese3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Ash-leaved maple and black locust belong to the most actively spreading woody invasive species in flora of Belarus”
e3“Black locust extract (leaves, exposed to rain, 100 g/l) decreased the average root length in watercress in 4.5 times, but in radish - in 1.5 times”
Claim · model-written summary
Black locust leaf extract exposed to rain at 100 g/l decreased radish root length 1.5 times
- Taxon
- black locustRobinia pseudoacaciae2
- Treatment
- Black locust extract (leaves, exposed to rain, 100 g/l)e3
- Interactor
- radish
Raphanus sativuse3other - Outcome
- average root lengthe3
- Direction
- decreasede3
- Value
- 1.5 timese3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Ash-leaved maple and black locust belong to the most actively spreading woody invasive species in flora of Belarus”
e3“Black locust extract (leaves, exposed to rain, 100 g/l) decreased the average root length in watercress in 4.5 times, but in radish - in 1.5 times”
The same questions in other papers
botanical · growth · Robinia pseudoacacia (black locust)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
- no effect
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.