Abstract
The field experiment was carried out at Forage Block, Instructional Dairy Farm, Nagla, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar (Uttarakhand) in spring 2019 to, study the effect of mulches and irrigation schedules on productivity and water use efficiency of spring sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) in Mollisols of Uttarakhand (India). The experiment consisted of 03 levels of mulches i.e., control (no mulch), straw mulch @ 6t/ha and polythene mulch (black) in the main plot and 04 levels of irrigation schedules i.e., critical stages (button, flowering, and seed filling stage), 0.8, 1.0 and 1.2 IW/CPE ratios in subplots, was laid out in split-plot design with three replications. Under the application of polythene mulch, significant seed output was observed that was statistically comparable to straw mulch. Under polythene mulch, seed yield was found to be 4.6% and 18.5% greater than under straw mulch and control, respectively. The polythene mulch produced significantly higher stover yield that was non-significant with straw mulch Polythene mulch produced 8.10% and 10.4 % higher stover than straw mulch and control, respectively. Sunflower seed yield differed significantly among irrigation schedules. Irrigation applied at 1.2 IW/CPE produced significantly the highest seed yield that was 5.4, 11.1, and 14.8% greater than irrigation scheduled at 1.0, 0.8 IW/CPE, and critical stages, respectively. Among the irrigation schedules, stover yield was recorded 5.8, 8.0, and 10.8% higher under the 1.2 IW/CPE ratio than 1.0, 0.8 IW/CPE ratio, and critical stages, respectively. Overall, it is highlighted that polythene mulch gives significantly higher productivity and quality parameters. 1.2 IW/CPE ratios give significantly the highest seed yield, higher protein content and oil content.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Polythene mulch increased seed yield by 4.6% over straw mulch.
- Taxon
- spring sunflower
Helianthus annuuse0 - Treatment
- polythene mulche1
- Outcome
- seed yielde1
- Direction
- greatere1
- Value
- 4.6%e1
- Comparator
- straw mulche1
- Setting
- Uttarakhand (India)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“productivity and water use efficiency of spring sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) in Mollisols of Uttarakhand (India)”
e1“Under polythene mulch, seed yield was found to be 4.6% and 18.5% greater than under straw mulch and control, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Polythene mulch increased seed yield by 18.5% over the control.
- Taxon
- spring sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- polythene mulche1
- Outcome
- seed yielde1
- Direction
- greatere1
- Value
- 18.5%e1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“productivity and water use efficiency of spring sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) in Mollisols of Uttarakhand (India)”
e1“Under polythene mulch, seed yield was found to be 4.6% and 18.5% greater than under straw mulch and control, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Polythene mulch increased stover yield by 8.10% over straw mulch, a difference that was not significant.
- Taxon
- spring sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- Polythene mulche2
- Outcome
- stovere2
- Direction
- highere2
- Value
- 8.10%e2
- Comparator
- straw mulche2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“productivity and water use efficiency of spring sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) in Mollisols of Uttarakhand (India)”
e2“Polythene mulch produced 8.10% and 10.4 % higher stover than straw mulch and control, respectively”
e3“The polythene mulch produced significantly higher stover yield that was non-significant with straw mulch”
Claim · model-written summary
Polythene mulch increased stover yield by 10.4% over the control.
- Taxon
- spring sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- Polythene mulche2
- Outcome
- stovere2
- Direction
- highere2
- Value
- 10.4 %e2
- Comparator
- controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“productivity and water use efficiency of spring sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) in Mollisols of Uttarakhand (India)”
e2“Polythene mulch produced 8.10% and 10.4 % higher stover than straw mulch and control, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation at 1.2 IW/CPE gave the highest seed yield, 5.4% above irrigation at 1.0.
- Taxon
- spring sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- Irrigation applied at 1.2 IW/CPEe4
- Outcome
- seed yielde4
- Direction
- greatere4
- Value
- 5.4e4
- Comparator
- irrigation scheduled at 1.0e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“productivity and water use efficiency of spring sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) in Mollisols of Uttarakhand (India)”
e4“Irrigation applied at 1.2 IW/CPE produced significantly the highest seed yield that was 5.4, 11.1, and 14.8% greater than irrigation scheduled at 1.0, 0.8 IW/CPE, and critical stages, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation at 1.2 IW/CPE gave seed yield 11.1% above irrigation at 0.8 IW/CPE.
- Taxon
- spring sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- Irrigation applied at 1.2 IW/CPEe4
- Outcome
- seed yielde4
- Direction
- greatere4
- Value
- 11.1e4
- Comparator
- 0.8 IW/CPEe4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“productivity and water use efficiency of spring sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) in Mollisols of Uttarakhand (India)”
e4“Irrigation applied at 1.2 IW/CPE produced significantly the highest seed yield that was 5.4, 11.1, and 14.8% greater than irrigation scheduled at 1.0, 0.8 IW/CPE, and critical stages, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation at 1.2 IW/CPE gave seed yield 14.8% above critical-stage irrigation.
- Taxon
- spring sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- Irrigation applied at 1.2 IW/CPEe4
- Outcome
- seed yielde4
- Direction
- greatere4
- Value
- 14.8%e4
- Comparator
- critical stagese4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“productivity and water use efficiency of spring sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) in Mollisols of Uttarakhand (India)”
e4“Irrigation applied at 1.2 IW/CPE produced significantly the highest seed yield that was 5.4, 11.1, and 14.8% greater than irrigation scheduled at 1.0, 0.8 IW/CPE, and critical stages, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation at 1.2 IW/CPE ratio gave stover yield 5.8% above the 1.0 schedule.
- Taxon
- spring sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- 1.2 IW/CPE ratioe5
- Outcome
- stover yielde5
- Direction
- highere5
- Value
- 5.8e5
- Comparator
- 1.0e5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“productivity and water use efficiency of spring sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) in Mollisols of Uttarakhand (India)”
e5“Among the irrigation schedules, stover yield was recorded 5.8, 8.0, and 10.8% higher under the 1.2 IW/CPE ratio than 1.0, 0.8 IW/CPE ratio, and critical stages, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation at 1.2 IW/CPE ratio gave stover yield 8.0% above the 0.8 IW/CPE schedule.
- Taxon
- spring sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- 1.2 IW/CPE ratioe5
- Outcome
- stover yielde5
- Direction
- highere5
- Value
- 8.0e5
- Comparator
- 0.8 IW/CPE ratioe5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“productivity and water use efficiency of spring sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) in Mollisols of Uttarakhand (India)”
e5“Among the irrigation schedules, stover yield was recorded 5.8, 8.0, and 10.8% higher under the 1.2 IW/CPE ratio than 1.0, 0.8 IW/CPE ratio, and critical stages, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation at 1.2 IW/CPE ratio gave stover yield 10.8% above the critical-stage schedule.
- Taxon
- spring sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- 1.2 IW/CPE ratioe5
- Outcome
- stover yielde5
- Direction
- highere5
- Value
- 10.8%e5
- Comparator
- critical stagese5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“productivity and water use efficiency of spring sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) in Mollisols of Uttarakhand (India)”
e5“Among the irrigation schedules, stover yield was recorded 5.8, 8.0, and 10.8% higher under the 1.2 IW/CPE ratio than 1.0, 0.8 IW/CPE ratio, and critical stages, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The 1.2 IW/CPE irrigation ratio gave higher protein content and oil content.
- Taxon
- spring sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- 1.2 IW/CPE ratiose6
- Outcome
- protein content and oil contente6
- Direction
- highere6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“productivity and water use efficiency of spring sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) in Mollisols of Uttarakhand (India)”
e6“1.2 IW/CPE ratios give significantly the highest seed yield, higher protein content and oil content”
Claim · model-written summary
Polythene mulch gave significantly higher productivity and quality parameters.
- Taxon
- spring sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- polythene mulche1
- Outcome
- productivity and quality parameterse1
- Direction
- highere1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“productivity and water use efficiency of spring sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) in Mollisols of Uttarakhand (India)”
e1“Overall, it is highlighted that polythene mulch gives significantly higher productivity and quality parameters”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed output under polythene mulch was statistically comparable to straw mulch.
- Taxon
- spring sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- polythene mulche7
- Outcome
- seed outpute7
- Direction
- comparablee7
- Comparator
- straw mulche7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“productivity and water use efficiency of spring sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) in Mollisols of Uttarakhand (India)”
e7“Under the application of polythene mulch, significant seed output was observed that was statistically comparable to straw mulch”
The same questions in other papers
mulching · yield · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Positive and negative results
11 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- no effect
11 papers more in this group
See all 15 papers →irrigation · yield · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Positive and negative results
122 papers in the same direction as this paper · 39 in the opposite direction · 3 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- negative
- negative
161 papers more in this group
See all 165 papers →mulching · quality: general · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.