Abstract
Metalloenzymes play an important role in the regulation of many biological functions. An effective way to prevent deficiencies of essential minerals in human diets is the biofortification of plant materials. The process of enriching crop sprouts under hydroponic conditions is the easiest and cheapest to conduct and control. In this study, the sprouts of the wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties Arkadia and Tonacja underwent biofortification with Fe, Zn, Mg, and Cr solutions in hydroponic media at four concentrations (0, 50, 100, and 200 µg g−1) over four and seven days. Moreover, this study is the first to combine sprout biofortification with UV-C (λ = 254 nm) radiation treatment for seed surface sterilization. The results showed that UV-C radiation was effective in suppressing seed germination contamination by microorganisms. The seed germination energy was slightly affected by UV-C radiation but remained at a high level (79–95%). The influence of this non-chemical sterilization process on seeds was tested in an innovative manner using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and EXAKT thin-section cutting. The applied sterilization process reduced neither the growth and development of sprouts nor nutrient bioassimilation. In general, wheat sprouts easily accumulate Fe, Zn, Mg, and Cr during the applied growth period. A very strong correlation between the ion concentration in the media and microelement assimilation in the plant tissues (R2 > 0.9) was detected. The results of the quantitative ion assays performed with atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) using the flame atomization method were correlated with the morphological evaluation of sprouts in order to determine the optimum concentration of individual elements in the hydroponic solution. The best conditions were indicated for 7-day cultivation in 100 µg g−1 of solutions with Fe (218% and 322% better nutrient accumulation in comparison to the control condition) and Zn (19 and 29 times richer in zinc concentration compared to the sprouts without supplementation). The maximum plant product biofortification with magnesium did not exceed 40% in intensity compared to the control sample. The best-developed sprouts were grown in the solution with 50 µg g−1 of Cr. In contrast, the concentration of 200 µg g−1 was clearly toxic to the wheat sprouts.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
UV-C radiation was effective in suppressing seed germination contamination by microorganisms in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume1 - Material
- Arkadia and Tonacjae1
- Treatment
- UV-C radiatione0
- Outcome
- seed germination contamination by microorganismse0
- Direction
- suppressinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“UV-C radiation was effective in suppressing seed germination contamination by microorganisms”
e1“the wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties Arkadia and Tonacja”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-C radiation slightly affected seed germination energy of wheat but it remained high at 79–95%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Material
- Arkadia and Tonacjae1
- Treatment
- UV-C radiatione0
- Outcome
- seed germination energye0
- Direction
- slightly affectede0
- Value
- 79–95%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The seed germination energy was slightly affected by UV-C radiation but remained at a high level (79–95%)”
e1“the wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties Arkadia and Tonacja”
Claim · model-written summary
The sterilization process reduced neither the growth and development of wheat sprouts nor nutrient bioassimilation.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Material
- Arkadia and Tonacjae1
- Treatment
- applied sterilization processe0
- Outcome
- growth and development of sprouts nor nutrient bioassimilatione0
- Direction
- reduced neithere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The applied sterilization process reduced neither the growth and development of sprouts nor nutrient bioassimilation”
e1“the wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties Arkadia and Tonacja”
Claim · model-written summary
Microelement assimilation in wheat tissues increased with the ion concentration in the media, with a very strong correlation (R2 > 0.9).
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- ion concentration in the mediae0
- Outcome
- microelement assimilation in the plant tissuese0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
- Value
- R2 > 0.9e0
- Qualifier
- very strong correlatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A very strong correlation between the ion concentration in the media and microelement assimilation in the plant tissues (R2 > 0.9) was detected”
e1“the wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties Arkadia and Tonacja”
Claim · model-written summary
Fe supply at 100 µg g−1 for 7 days raised nutrient accumulation in wheat sprouts by 218% and 322% over the control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Material
- Arkadia and Tonacjae1
- Treatment
- 100 µg g−1 of solutions with Fee2
- Outcome
- nutrient accumulatione0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Value
- 218% and 322%e0
- Comparator
- control conditione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fe (218% and 322% better nutrient accumulation in comparison to the control condition)”
e1“the wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties Arkadia and Tonacja”
e2“The best conditions were indicated for 7-day cultivation in 100 µg g−1 of solutions with Fe”
Claim · model-written summary
Zn supply raised zinc concentration in wheat sprouts 19 and 29 times compared with sprouts without supplementation.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Material
- Arkadia and Tonacjae1
- Treatment
- Zne0
- Outcome
- zinc concentratione0
- Direction
- richere0
- Value
- 19 and 29 timese0
- Comparator
- sprouts without supplementatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Zn (19 and 29 times richer in zinc concentration compared to the sprouts without supplementation)”
e1“the wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties Arkadia and Tonacja”
Claim · model-written summary
Maximum magnesium biofortification of wheat sprouts did not exceed 40% compared with the control sample.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Material
- Arkadia and Tonacjae1
- Treatment
- magnesiume0
- Outcome
- plant product biofortification with magnesiume0
- Direction
- did not exceede0
- Value
- 40%e0
- Qualifier
- maximume0
- Comparator
- control samplee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maximum plant product biofortification with magnesium did not exceed 40% in intensity compared to the control sample”
e1“the wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties Arkadia and Tonacja”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat sprouts grown with 50 µg g−1 Cr were the best-developed sprouts.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Material
- Arkadia and Tonacjae1
- Treatment
- the solution with 50 µg g−1 of Cre0
- Outcome
- best-developed sproutse0
- Direction
- best-developede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The best-developed sprouts were grown in the solution with 50 µg g−1 of Cr”
e1“the wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties Arkadia and Tonacja”
Claim · model-written summary
Cr at 200 µg g−1 was clearly toxic to wheat sprouts.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Material
- Arkadia and Tonacjae1
- Treatment
- concentration of 200 µg g−1e0
- Outcome
- clearly toxic to the wheat sproutse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In contrast, the concentration of 200 µg g−1 was clearly toxic to the wheat sprouts”
e1“the wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties Arkadia and Tonacja”
The same questions in other papers
iron atom · nutrient: content · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ
60 papers in the same direction as this paper · 12 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- no effect
- no effect
70 papers more in this group
See all 74 papers →zinc atom · nutrient: content · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ
346 papers in the same direction as this paper · 33 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- negative
376 papers more in this group
See all 380 papers →magnesium atom · nutrient: content · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 17 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
17 papers more in this group
See all 21 papers →uv · growth · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ
18 papers in the same direction as this paper · 26 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- negative
41 papers more in this group
See all 45 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.