Abstract
Deficit irrigation and kaolin foliar application are agronomic practices that have been demonstrated to improve productivity and physiological response in almond trees but there is no consistent information on the effects on the kernel composition. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different Sustainable Deficit Irrigation (SDI) strategies and kaolin application on some physicochemical composition of the cv Ferragnès almond (Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb). A randomized block design with five treatments was developed: non-irrigation (NI), non-irrigation with foliar kaolin application (NI+K), full irrigation (FI), and two levels of SDI receiving 70% and 35% of evapotranspiration (SDI75 and SDI35). Pomological parameters, volatile profile and oil composition were analyzed. SDI effect on kernel weight was reduced against full irrigation (FI) but substantially improved in comparison with the rainfed treatments (NI and NI+K). Irrigation treatments showed a lower volatile compounds concentration in comparison with rainfed treatment. The fatty acid composition of the oil was significantly affected, with all the irrigated treatments having higher oleic acid contents than the rainfed treatments, and therefore an expected increased shelf life. Kaolin application had no positive effects on the non-irrigated trees, other than an apparent increase in the total volatiles, a tendency also observed in the NI. Moderate water stress levels (SDI35) improved the synthesis of tocopherols compared to NI, FI and SDI70, which could be related to the adaptation of the almond tree to drought. SDI35 is therefore regarded as a very interesting approach, with significant improvements in comparison with non-irrigated trees, and a clear saving on water against full irrigation without significant pomological and chemical alterations.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Sustainable deficit irrigation reduced kernel weight compared with full irrigation.
- Taxon
- almond
Prunus dulcist0 - Treatment
- SDIe1
- Outcome
- kernel weighte1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Comparator
- full irrigation (FI)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Influence of sustained deficit irrigation and foliar kaolin application on almond kernel composition”
e1“SDI effect on kernel weight was reduced against full irrigation (FI) but substantially improved in comparison with the rainfed treatments (NI and NI+K)”
Claim · model-written summary
Sustainable deficit irrigation substantially improved kernel weight compared with rainfed trees.
- Taxon
- almondPrunus dulcist0
- Treatment
- SDIe1
- Outcome
- kernel weighte1
- Direction
- substantially improvede1
- Comparator
- rainfed treatments (NI and NI+K)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Influence of sustained deficit irrigation and foliar kaolin application on almond kernel composition”
e1“SDI effect on kernel weight was reduced against full irrigation (FI) but substantially improved in comparison with the rainfed treatments (NI and NI+K)”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigated treatments showed lower volatile compound concentration than rainfed trees.
- Taxon
- almondPrunus dulcist0
- Treatment
- Irrigation treatmentse2
- Outcome
- volatile compounds concentratione2
- Direction
- lowere2
- Comparator
- rainfed treatmente2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Influence of sustained deficit irrigation and foliar kaolin application on almond kernel composition”
e2“Irrigation treatments showed a lower volatile compounds concentration in comparison with rainfed treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
All irrigated treatments had higher oleic acid contents than rainfed treatments, with an expected longer shelf life.
- Taxon
- almondPrunus dulcist0
- Treatment
- all the irrigated treatmentse3
- Outcome
- oleic acid contentse3
- Direction
- highere3
- Comparator
- the rainfed treatmentse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Influence of sustained deficit irrigation and foliar kaolin application on almond kernel composition”
e3“The fatty acid composition of the oil was significantly affected, with all the irrigated treatments having higher oleic acid contents than the rainfed treatments, and therefore an expected increased shelf life”
Claim · model-written summary
Kaolin application on non-irrigated trees gave an apparent increase in total volatiles.
- Taxon
- almondPrunus dulcist0
- Treatment
- Kaolin applicatione4
- Outcome
- total volatilese4
- Direction
- apparent increasee4
- Comparator
- the non-irrigated treese4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Influence of sustained deficit irrigation and foliar kaolin application on almond kernel composition”
e4“Kaolin application had no positive effects on the non-irrigated trees, other than an apparent increase in the total volatiles, a tendency also observed in the NI”
Claim · model-written summary
Kaolin application had no positive effects on non-irrigated trees.
- Taxon
- almondPrunus dulcist0
- Treatment
- Kaolin applicatione4
- Outcome
- positive effectse4
- Direction
- no positive effectse4
- Comparator
- the non-irrigated treese4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Influence of sustained deficit irrigation and foliar kaolin application on almond kernel composition”
e4“Kaolin application had no positive effects on the non-irrigated trees, other than an apparent increase in the total volatiles, a tendency also observed in the NI”
Claim · model-written summary
Moderate water stress (SDI35) improved tocopherol synthesis compared with non-irrigated, full-irrigation and SDI70 treatments.
- Taxon
- almondPrunus dulcist0
- Treatment
- Moderate water stress levels (SDI35)e5
- Outcome
- synthesis of tocopherolse5
- Direction
- improvede5
- Comparator
- NI, FI and SDI70e5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Influence of sustained deficit irrigation and foliar kaolin application on almond kernel composition”
e5“Moderate water stress levels (SDI35) improved the synthesis of tocopherols compared to NI, FI and SDI70, which could be related to the adaptation of the almond tree to drought”
Claim · model-written summary
Tocopherol synthesis under moderate water stress may relate to the almond tree adapting to drought.
- Taxon
- almondPrunus dulcist0
- Outcome
- synthesis of tocopherolse5
- Qualifier
- the adaptation of the almond tree to droughte5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Influence of sustained deficit irrigation and foliar kaolin application on almond kernel composition”
e5“Moderate water stress levels (SDI35) improved the synthesis of tocopherols compared to NI, FI and SDI70, which could be related to the adaptation of the almond tree to drought”
Claim · model-written summary
SDI35 is regarded as a very interesting approach for almond.
- Taxon
- almondPrunus dulcist0
- Outcome
- a very interesting approache6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Influence of sustained deficit irrigation and foliar kaolin application on almond kernel composition”
e6“SDI35 is therefore regarded as a very interesting approach, with significant improvements in comparison with non-irrigated trees, and a clear saving on water against full irrigation without significant pomological and chemical alterations”
Claim · model-written summary
SDI35 gave significant improvements compared with non-irrigated trees.
- Taxon
- almondPrunus dulcist0
- Treatment
- SDI35e6
- Outcome
- significant improvementse6
- Direction
- improvementse6
- Comparator
- non-irrigated treese6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Influence of sustained deficit irrigation and foliar kaolin application on almond kernel composition”
e6“SDI35 is therefore regarded as a very interesting approach, with significant improvements in comparison with non-irrigated trees, and a clear saving on water against full irrigation without significant pomological and chemical alterations”
Claim · model-written summary
SDI35 saved water clearly compared with full irrigation without significant pomological and chemical alterations.
- Taxon
- almondPrunus dulcist0
- Treatment
- SDI35e6
- Outcome
- saving on watere6
- Direction
- clear savinge6
- Qualifier
- without significant pomological and chemical alterationse6
- Comparator
- full irrigatione6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Influence of sustained deficit irrigation and foliar kaolin application on almond kernel composition”
e6“SDI35 is therefore regarded as a very interesting approach, with significant improvements in comparison with non-irrigated trees, and a clear saving on water against full irrigation without significant pomological and chemical alterations”
The same questions in other papers
drought · molecular: metabolites · Prunus dulcis (almond)Positive and negative results
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2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.