Abstract
The olive tree is an iconic tree in the Mediterranean region, traditionally cultivated under rainfed conditions; however, olive cultivars are also found outside the Mediterranean region and are widely used for oil and olive production. However, with the increasing aridity and global changes, olive agroecosystems are facing sustainability challenges. This study aims to evaluate the effect of two deficit irrigation strategies on the agronomic and productive parameters of the Menara, olive cultivar as a tool for operational irrigation water management. For this purpose, an experiment was conducted on an olive orchard for two consecutive years (2021 and 2022), comparing four regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) treatments and two sustained deficit irrigation (SDI) treatments, with fully irrigated trees. The results showed that moderate and controlled water stress under RDI did not significantly affect the yield of the Menara olive cultivar. In addition, by reducing plant water requirement by 20% during sensitive periods and by 40% during normal periods, under RDI, it is possible to save between 25% and 30% of irrigation water and to increase water productivity by 5%–20% with a slight decrease in fruit yield ranging between 10% and 15%. However, the trees subjected to the sustained deficit irrigation strategy exhibited a reduced capacity for shoot growth compared to those under RDI and fully irrigated conditions. Our findings showed that water deprivation during sensitive periods reduced phenological traits and slowed down shoot growth. Furthermore, the water status of the trees was reflected in fruit volume, as a decrease in water supply resulted in a corresponding reduction in fruit volume. Although the study provides important insights into water management strategies for olive cultivation, the short observation period does not allow for long-term plant adaptation evaluation and productivity beyond 2 years. Therefore, it is recommended that future studies extend the observation period to better understand plant adaptation to irrigation regimes.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Moderate and controlled water stress under RDI did not significantly affect the yield of Menara olive.
- Taxon
- olive
Olea europaeat0 - Treatment
- moderate and controlled water stress under RDIe1
- Outcome
- yielde1
- Direction
- did not significantly affecte1
- Comparator
- fully irrigated treese2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Menara olive cultivar”
e1“moderate and controlled water stress under RDI did not significantly affect the yield”
e2“with fully irrigated trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Reducing plant water requirement under RDI could save between 25% and 30% of irrigation water.
- Taxon
- oliveOlea europaeat0
- Treatment
- reducing plant water requirement by 20% during sensitive periods and by 40% during normal periodse4
- Outcome
- irrigation watere3
- Direction
- savee3
- Value
- between 25% and 30%e3
- Comparator
- fully irrigated treese2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Menara olive cultivar”
e2“with fully irrigated trees”
e3“it is possible to save between 25% and 30% of irrigation water”
e4“reducing plant water requirement by 20% during sensitive periods and by 40% during normal periods”
Claim · model-written summary
Reducing plant water requirement under RDI increased water productivity by 5%–20%.
- Taxon
- oliveOlea europaeat0
- Treatment
- reducing plant water requirement by 20% during sensitive periods and by 40% during normal periodse4
- Outcome
- water productivitye5
- Direction
- increasee5
- Value
- 5%–20%e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Menara olive cultivar”
e4“reducing plant water requirement by 20% during sensitive periods and by 40% during normal periods”
e5“to increase water productivity by 5%–20%”
Claim · model-written summary
Reducing plant water requirement under RDI lowered fruit yield slightly, by 10% to 15%.
- Taxon
- oliveOlea europaeat0
- Treatment
- reducing plant water requirement by 20% during sensitive periods and by 40% during normal periodse4
- Outcome
- fruit yielde6
- Direction
- decreasee6
- Value
- between 10% and 15%e6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Menara olive cultivar”
e4“reducing plant water requirement by 20% during sensitive periods and by 40% during normal periods”
e6“with a slight decrease in fruit yield ranging between 10% and 15%”
Claim · model-written summary
Sustained deficit irrigation reduced the capacity for shoot growth compared with RDI and fully irrigated trees.
- Taxon
- oliveOlea europaeat0
- Treatment
- sustained deficit irrigation strategye7
- Outcome
- capacity for shoot growthe7
- Direction
- reducede7
- Comparator
- those under RDI and fully irrigated conditionse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Menara olive cultivar”
e7“the trees subjected to the sustained deficit irrigation strategy exhibited a reduced capacity for shoot growth compared to those under RDI and fully irrigated conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Water deprivation during sensitive periods reduced phenological traits.
- Taxon
- oliveOlea europaeat0
- Treatment
- water deprivation during sensitive periodse1
- Outcome
- phenological traitse1
- Direction
- reducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Menara olive cultivar”
e1“water deprivation during sensitive periods reduced phenological traits”
Claim · model-written summary
Water deprivation during sensitive periods slowed down shoot growth.
- Taxon
- oliveOlea europaeat0
- Treatment
- water deprivation during sensitive periodse1
- Outcome
- shoot growthe2
- Direction
- slowed downe2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Menara olive cultivar”
e1“water deprivation during sensitive periods reduced phenological traits”
e2“slowed down shoot growth”
Claim · model-written summary
A decrease in water supply resulted in a corresponding reduction in fruit volume.
- Taxon
- oliveOlea europaeat0
- Treatment
- decrease in water supplye1
- Outcome
- fruit volumee1
- Direction
- reductione1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Menara olive cultivar”
e1“a decrease in water supply resulted in a corresponding reduction in fruit volume”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend that future studies extend the observation period beyond 2 years to assess plant adaptation to irrigation regimes.
- Taxon
- oliveOlea europaeat0
- Outcome
- observation periode1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Menara olive cultivar”
e1“future studies extend the observation period”
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