Abstract
BACKGROUND: Phenacoccus solenopsis is a polyphagous invasive mealybug that caused serious damage to crops worldwide. Phloem-sucking hemipterans are known to carry symbiotic microbes in their saliva. However, the role of salivary bacteria of P. solenopsis in modulating plant defenses remains limited. Exploring the impact of salivary bacteria on plant defense responses will contribute to the development of new targets for efficient control of invasive mealybugs. RESULTS: Salivary bacteria of the invasive mealybug P. solenopsis can suppress herbivore-induced plant defenses and thus enhance mealybug fitness. Mealybugs treated with an antibiotic showed decreased weight gain, fecundity and survival. Untreated mealybugs suppressed jasmonic acid (JA)-regulated defenses but activated salicylic acid (SA)-regulated defenses in cotton plants. In contrast, antibiotic-treated mealybugs triggered JA-responsive gene expression and JA accumulation, and showed shortened phloem ingestion. Reinoculating antibiotic-treated mealybugs with Enterobacteriaceae or Stenotrophomonas cultivated from mealybug saliva promoted phloem ingestion and fecundity, and restored the ability of mealybugs to suppress plant defenses. Fluorescence in situ hybridization visualization revealed that Enterobacteriaceae and Stenotrophomonas colonize salivary glands and are secreted into the mesophyll cells and phloem vessels. Exogenous application of the bacterial isolates to plant leaves inhibited JA-responsive gene expression and activated SA-responsive gene expression. CONCLUSION: Our findings imply that symbiotic bacteria in the saliva of the mealybug play an important role in manipulating herbivore-induced plant defenses, enabling this important pest to evade induced plant defenses and promoting its performance and destructive effects on crops. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Salivary bacteria of P. solenopsis suppressed herbivore-induced plant defenses and enhanced mealybug fitness.
- Taxon
- cotton plants
Gossypium hirsutume1 - Interactor
- P. solenopsis
Phenacoccus solenopsise0pest - Outcome
- herbivore-induced plant defensese0
- Direction
- suppresse0
- Qualifier
- Salivary bacteriae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salivary bacteria of the invasive mealybug P. solenopsis can suppress herbivore-induced plant defenses and thus enhance mealybug fitness.”
e1“cotton plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Antibiotic-treated mealybugs had decreased weight gain, fecundity and survival.
- Taxon
- cotton plantsGossypium hirsutume1
- Treatment
- treated with an antibiotice0
- Interactor
- MealybugsPseudococcidaee0pest
- Outcome
- weight gain, fecundity and survivale0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mealybugs treated with an antibiotic showed decreased weight gain, fecundity and survival.”
e1“cotton plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Untreated mealybugs suppressed JA-regulated defenses in cotton.
- Taxon
- cotton plantsGossypium hirsutume0
- Interactor
- mealybugsPseudococcidaee0pest
- Outcome
- jasmonic acid (JA)-regulated defensese0
- Direction
- suppressede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Untreated mealybugs suppressed jasmonic acid (JA)-regulated defenses but activated salicylic acid (SA)-regulated defenses in cotton plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Untreated mealybugs activated SA-regulated defenses in cotton.
- Taxon
- cotton plantsGossypium hirsutume0
- Interactor
- mealybugsPseudococcidaee0pest
- Outcome
- salicylic acid (SA)-regulated defensese0
- Direction
- activatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Untreated mealybugs suppressed jasmonic acid (JA)-regulated defenses but activated salicylic acid (SA)-regulated defenses in cotton plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Antibiotic-treated mealybugs triggered JA-responsive gene expression and JA accumulation in cotton.
- Taxon
- cotton plantsGossypium hirsutume1
- Treatment
- antibiotic-treated mealybugse0
- Interactor
- mealybugsPseudococcidaee0pest
- Outcome
- JA-responsive gene expression and JA accumulatione0
- Direction
- triggerede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“antibiotic-treated mealybugs triggered JA-responsive gene expression and JA accumulation”
e1“cotton plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Antibiotic treatment shortened mealybug phloem ingestion.
- Taxon
- cotton plantsGossypium hirsutume1
- Treatment
- antibiotic-treated mealybugse0
- Interactor
- mealybugsPseudococcidaee0pest
- Outcome
- phloem ingestione0
- Direction
- shortenede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“antibiotic-treated mealybugs triggered JA-responsive gene expression and JA accumulation, and showed shortened phloem ingestion.”
e1“cotton plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Reinoculation with Enterobacteriaceae or Stenotrophomonas promoted mealybug phloem ingestion and fecundity.
- Taxon
- cotton plantsGossypium hirsutume1
- Treatment
- Reinoculating antibiotic-treated mealybugs with Enterobacteriaceae or Stenotrophomonase0
- Interactor
- mealybugsPseudococcidaee0pest
- Outcome
- phloem ingestion and fecunditye0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Reinoculating antibiotic-treated mealybugs with Enterobacteriaceae or Stenotrophomonas cultivated from mealybug saliva promoted phloem ingestion and fecundity”
e1“cotton plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Reinoculation restored mealybug suppression of cotton defenses.
- Taxon
- cotton plantsGossypium hirsutume1
- Treatment
- Reinoculating antibiotic-treated mealybugs with Enterobacteriaceae or Stenotrophomonase0
- Interactor
- mealybugsPseudococcidaee0pest
- Outcome
- plant defensese0
- Direction
- suppresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Reinoculating antibiotic-treated mealybugs with Enterobacteriaceae or Stenotrophomonas cultivated from mealybug saliva promoted phloem ingestion and fecundity, and restored the ability of mealybugs to suppress plant defenses.”
e1“cotton plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Enterobacteriaceae and Stenotrophomonas colonized mealybug salivary glands and were secreted into cotton mesophyll and phloem.
- Taxon
- cotton plantsGossypium hirsutume1
- Organ / stage
- mesophyll cells and phloem vesselse0
- Outcome
- secreted into the mesophyll cells and phloem vesselse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Enterobacteriaceae and Stenotrophomonas colonize salivary glands and are secreted into the mesophyll cells and phloem vessels.”
e1“cotton plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous bacterial isolates inhibited JA-responsive gene expression in plant leaves.
- Taxon
- cotton plantsGossypium hirsutume1
- Treatment
- Exogenous application of the bacterial isolates to plant leavese0
- Outcome
- JA-responsive gene expressione0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exogenous application of the bacterial isolates to plant leaves inhibited JA-responsive gene expression and activated SA-responsive gene expression.”
e1“cotton plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous bacterial isolates activated SA-responsive gene expression in plant leaves.
- Taxon
- cotton plantsGossypium hirsutume1
- Treatment
- Exogenous application of the bacterial isolates to plant leavese0
- Outcome
- SA-responsive gene expressione0
- Direction
- activatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exogenous application of the bacterial isolates to plant leaves inhibited JA-responsive gene expression and activated SA-responsive gene expression.”
e1“cotton plants”
The same questions in other papers
inoculation · molecular: expression · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
7 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.