Abstract
While screening an array of beneficial microbes, some isolates of Trichoderma harzianum and Chaetomium globosum showed their promising effect in enhancing seed germination and seedling vigour of sunflower. Higher percentage of germination (94%) was observed in seeds treated with Chaetomium globosum compared to 68 % in control. Trichoderma harzianum isolates had almost same stimulatory effect on seed germination, root, shoot growth and vigor index. The seeds treated with culture filtrate of T. harzianum and C. globosum, significantly enhanced the seed germination by 88 and 90%, compared to their respective control. As the consequence, the survivability of seedlings was more; the plants were tall, vigorous and more robust. The treatment also increased the lamina area, number of flowers and head diameter, which were healthy and uniform among replicates The proportion of plants that attained flowering was higher in the treated set (64 and 74%) compared to that of control (25 to 30 %), the length and width of leaves and the diameter of the heads were also found significantly increased in the treated plants. The incidence of Aspergillus flavus and A. niger was also found depleted in the seeds, treated with bio-agents. Incidence of the pathogenic fungus, Macrophomina phaseolina was reduced from 36 to 4 % and 41 to 6 % respectively, in the treated seeds. Incidence of Alternaria species was also reduced significantly in the bio-agents culture filtrate treatment.The average lipoxygenase activity of seven-day-old sunflower seedlings was 0.56 and 0.61 for control sets C1 and C2 and 1.01 and 0.94 for T. harzianum and C. globosum treatments, respectively. The results indicated that there was about 71 and 59 per cent increase in the enzyme activity in T. harzianum and C. globosum treated seedlings of sunflower, compared to their respective control.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Chaetomium treated sunflower seeds germinated at 94%, versus 68% in controls.
- Treatment
- treated with Chaetomium globosume0
- Interactor
- Chaetomium globosum
Chaetomium globosume0symbiont - Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- Highere0
- Value
- 94%e0
- Qualifier
- 68 %e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Not reportedTaxon
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Higher percentage of germination (94%) was observed in seeds treated with Chaetomium globosum compared to 68 % in control.”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma isolates stimulated sunflower germination, root and shoot growth and vigor.
- Treatment
- Trichoderma harzianum isolatese0
- Interactor
- Trichoderma harzianum
Trichoderma harzianume0symbiont - Outcome
- seed germination, root, shoot growth and vigor indexe0
- Direction
- stimulatorye0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Trichoderma harzianum isolates had almost same stimulatory effect on seed germination, root, shoot growth and vigor index.”
Claim · model-written summary
T. harzianum filtrate enhanced germination by 88%.
- Treatment
- culture filtrate of T. harzianume0
- Interactor
- T. harzianumTrichoderma harzianume0symbiont
- Outcome
- seed germinatione0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 88e0
- Comparator
- respective controle0
Not reportedTaxon
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“culture filtrate of T. harzianum and C. globosum, significantly enhanced the seed germination by 88 and 90%, compared to their respective control.”
Claim · model-written summary
C. globosum filtrate enhanced germination by 90%.
- Treatment
- C. globosume0
- Interactor
- C. globosumChaetomium globosume0symbiont
- Outcome
- seed germinatione0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 90%e0
- Comparator
- respective controle0
Not reportedTaxon
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“culture filtrate of T. harzianum and C. globosum, significantly enhanced the seed germination by 88 and 90%, compared to their respective control.”
Claim · model-written summary
Bioagent treatment increased sunflower seedling survival and plant stature and vigor.
Not reportedTaxonTreatmentComparator
Verbatim
e0“the survivability of seedlings was more; the plants were tall, vigorous and more robust.”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatment increased lamina area, flower number and head diameter.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“The treatment also increased the lamina area, number of flowers and head diameter”
Claim · model-written summary
Flowering occurred in 64% and 74% of treated plants versus 25 to 30% of controls.
- Treatment
- treated sete0
- Outcome
- proportion of plants that attained floweringe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 64 and 74%e0
- Qualifier
- 25 to 30 %e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The proportion of plants that attained flowering was higher in the treated set (64 and 74%) compared to that of control (25 to 30 %)”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf length and width and head diameter were significantly greater in treated plants.
- Treatment
- treated plantse0
- Outcome
- length and width of leaves and the diameter of the headse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“the length and width of leaves and the diameter of the heads were also found significantly increased in the treated plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Bioagents depleted Aspergillus flavus and A. niger incidence in treated seed.
- Treatment
- bio-agentse0
- Interactor
- Aspergillus flavus
Aspergillus flavuse0pathogen - Second interactor
- A. niger
Aspergillus nigere0pathogen - Outcome
- incidence of Aspergillus flavus and A. nigere0
- Direction
- depletede0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The incidence of Aspergillus flavus and A. niger was also found depleted in the seeds, treated with bio-agents.”
Claim · model-written summary
Macrophomina phaseolina incidence fell from 36% to 4% under one bioagent treatment.
- Treatment
- treated seedse0
- Interactor
- Macrophomina phaseolina
Macrophomina phaseolinae0pathogen - Outcome
- Incidence of the pathogenic fungus, Macrophomina phaseolinae0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 4 %e0
- Qualifier
- 36e0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Incidence of the pathogenic fungus, Macrophomina phaseolina was reduced from 36 to 4 % and 41 to 6 % respectively, in the treated seeds.”
Claim · model-written summary
Macrophomina phaseolina incidence fell from 41% to 6% under the other treatment.
- Treatment
- treated seedse0
- Interactor
- Macrophomina phaseolinaMacrophomina phaseolinae0pathogen
- Outcome
- Macrophomina phaseolinae0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 6 %e0
- Qualifier
- 41e0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Macrophomina phaseolina was reduced from 36 to 4 % and 41 to 6 % respectively, in the treated seeds.”
Claim · model-written summary
Culture filtrate significantly reduced Alternaria incidence.
- Treatment
- bio-agents culture filtrate treatmente0
- Interactor
- Alternaria species
Alternariae0pathogen - Outcome
- Incidence of Alternaria speciese0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Incidence of Alternaria species was also reduced significantly in the bio-agents culture filtrate treatment.”
Claim · model-written summary
T. harzianum raised lipoxygenase activity by about 71% in seven day sunflower seedlings.
- Taxon
- sunflower
Helianthus annuuse0 - Treatment
- T. harzianume0
- Interactor
- T. harzianumTrichoderma harzianume0symbiont
- Outcome
- enzyme activitye0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 71e0
- Comparator
- respective controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there was about 71 and 59 per cent increase in the enzyme activity in T. harzianum and C. globosum treated seedlings of sunflower, compared to their respective control.”
Claim · model-written summary
C. globosum raised lipoxygenase activity by about 59% in sunflower seedlings.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- C. globosume0
- Interactor
- C. globosumChaetomium globosume0symbiont
- Outcome
- enzyme activitye0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 59 per cente0
- Comparator
- respective controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there was about 71 and 59 per cent increase in the enzyme activity in T. harzianum and C. globosum treated seedlings of sunflower, compared to their respective control.”
The same questions in other papers
Trichoderma harzianum · growth · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
pathogen product · growth · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Positive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.