Abstract
Abstract The wild sunflower, an invasive alien species, is known to affect the performance of field crops. A field experiment was conducted to estimate the effects of different levels of wild sunflower and common bean densities on common bean yield components and grain yield, as well as to quantify yield loss due to their competition at varying densities. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design in a factorial arrangement with four replications. Hence, factorial combinations of three common bean densities and five wild sunflower densities were tested at two locations. At 24 plants m −2 , wild sunflower had maximum dry biomass of 413.84 and 549.83 g −2 at Adamitulu and Melkassa, respectively. An increase in wild sunflower density from 0 to 24 plants m −2 resulted in a reduction of pods per plant up to 62.41% and 83.11%, respectively, at Adamitulu and Melkassa. Compared to the weed‐free plot, the highest wild sunflower density (24 plants m −2 ) had a 4.6‐fold reduction in seed per pod. Weed‐free plots at Adamitulu and Melkassa yielded the highest grain yields of 2.77 and 3.37 t ha −1 , respectively. Common bean grain yield reduced by 88.12% and 67.64%, in Adamitulu and Melkassa, due to the highest density of wild sunflower. The rectangular hyperbolic equation fits common bean grain yields well. This study, hence, proposes that wild sunflower plants be kept at a density of no more than three plants per meter square to minimize severe yield loss and help common bean growers make decisions on wild sunflower control.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
At 24 plants m-2, wild sunflower had a dry biomass of 413.84 g m-2 at Adamitulu
- Taxon
- common bean
Phaseolus vulgarist0 - Treatment
- 24 plants m −2e1
- Interactor
- wild sunflowere1weed
- Outcome
- dry biomasse1
- Value
- 413.84e1
- Qualifier
- g −2e1
- Setting
- Adamitulue1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“common bean fields”
e1“At 24 plants m −2 , wild sunflower had maximum dry biomass of 413.84 and 549.83 g −2 at Adamitulu and Melkassa, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
At 24 plants m-2, wild sunflower had a dry biomass of 549.83 g m-2 at Melkassa
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- 24 plants m −2e1
- Interactor
- wild sunflowere1weed
- Outcome
- dry biomasse1
- Value
- 549.83e1
- Qualifier
- g −2e1
- Setting
- Melkassae1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“common bean fields”
e1“At 24 plants m −2 , wild sunflower had maximum dry biomass of 413.84 and 549.83 g −2 at Adamitulu and Melkassa, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing wild sunflower density from 0 to 24 plants m-2 reduced common bean pods per plant by up to 62.41% at Adamitulu
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- wild sunflower density from 0 to 24 plants m −2e2
- Interactor
- wild sunflowere2weed
- Outcome
- pods per plante2
- Direction
- reductione2
- Value
- 62.41%e2
- Setting
- Adamitulue2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“common bean fields”
e2“An increase in wild sunflower density from 0 to 24 plants m −2 resulted in a reduction of pods per plant up to 62.41% and 83.11%, respectively, at Adamitulu and Melkassa”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing wild sunflower density from 0 to 24 plants m-2 reduced common bean pods per plant by up to 83.11% at Melkassa
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- wild sunflower density from 0 to 24 plants m −2e2
- Interactor
- wild sunflowere2weed
- Outcome
- pods per plante2
- Direction
- reductione2
- Value
- 83.11%e2
- Setting
- Melkassae2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“common bean fields”
e2“An increase in wild sunflower density from 0 to 24 plants m −2 resulted in a reduction of pods per plant up to 62.41% and 83.11%, respectively, at Adamitulu and Melkassa”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest wild sunflower density reduced common bean seed per pod 4.6-fold relative to the weed-free plot
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- highest wild sunflower density (24 plants m −2)e3
- Interactor
- wild sunflowere3weed
- Outcome
- seed per pode3
- Direction
- reductione3
- Value
- 4.6‐folde3
- Comparator
- weed‐free plote3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“common bean fields”
e3“Compared to the weed‐free plot, the highest wild sunflower density (24 plants m −2) had a 4.6‐fold reduction in seed per pod”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed-free common bean plots at Adamitulu had the highest grain yield, 2.77 t/ha
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Weed‐freee4
- Outcome
- grain yieldse4
- Direction
- higheste4
- Value
- 2.77e4
- Qualifier
- t ha −1e4
- Setting
- Adamitulue4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“common bean fields”
e4“Weed‐free plots at Adamitulu and Melkassa yielded the highest grain yields of 2.77 and 3.37 t ha −1, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed-free common bean plots at Melkassa had the highest grain yield, 3.37 t/ha
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Weed‐freee4
- Outcome
- grain yieldse4
- Direction
- higheste4
- Value
- 3.37e4
- Qualifier
- t ha −1e4
- Setting
- Melkassae4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“common bean fields”
e4“Weed‐free plots at Adamitulu and Melkassa yielded the highest grain yields of 2.77 and 3.37 t ha −1, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest wild sunflower density reduced common bean grain yield by 88.12% at Adamitulu
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- highest density of wild sunflowere5
- Interactor
- wild sunflowere5weed
- Outcome
- grain yielde5
- Direction
- reducede5
- Value
- 88.12%e5
- Setting
- Adamitulue5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“common bean fields”
e5“Common bean grain yield reduced by 88.12% and 67.64%, in Adamitulu and Melkassa, due to the highest density of wild sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest wild sunflower density reduced common bean grain yield by 67.64% at Melkassa
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- highest density of wild sunflowere5
- Interactor
- wild sunflowere5weed
- Outcome
- grain yielde5
- Direction
- reducede5
- Value
- 67.64%e5
- Setting
- Melkassae5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“common bean fields”
e5“Common bean grain yield reduced by 88.12% and 67.64%, in Adamitulu and Melkassa, due to the highest density of wild sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
The rectangular hyperbolic equation fits common bean grain yields well
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- rectangular hyperbolic equatione6
- Outcome
- grain yieldse6
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“common bean fields”
e6“The rectangular hyperbolic equation fits common bean grain yields well”
Claim · model-written summary
Wild sunflower density should be kept at no more than three plants per square meter to minimize severe yield loss
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Interactor
- wild sunflowere7weed
- Outcome
- densitye7
- Value
- three plants per meter squaree7
- Qualifier
- to minimize severe yield losse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“common bean fields”
e7“wild sunflower plants be kept at a density of no more than three plants per meter square to minimize severe yield loss”
The same questions in other papers
herbicide · yield · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Positive and negative results
41 papers in the same direction as this paper · 20 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- no effect
- negative
59 papers more in this group
See all 63 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.