Abstract
Plants and soil microorganisms interact at every stage of growth. Pseudomonas spp. are highly regarded for their ability to increase crop production and protection from diseases. The aim of this study is to understand the mechanisms of the rhizobacterial colonization of tomato roots via chemotaxis assay and the activation of tomato resistance against the pathogenic bacterium, Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pst). The capillary assay was used to evaluate the chemotaxis response of PGPRs (plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria). The activities of defense enzymes and the expressions of PR (pathogenesis-related) genes were measured using real-time qPCR. Chemotactic responses to malic and citric acids (the most important root exudates found in different plant species) at low concentrations varied substantially among the rhizobacterial isolates (63 species). Beneficial isolates including Pseudomonas resinovorans A5, P. vranovensis A30, P. resinovorans A28, P. umsongensis O26, P. stutzeri N42, and P. putida T15 reacted well to different concentrations of root exudates. P. putida T15 demonstrated the most potent anti-Pst activity. At three and six days after inoculation, the greatest levels of polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase activity were reported in the A5 and T15 groups. In tomato, transcript levels of four PR (pathogenesis-related) genes were elevated by rhizobacterial treatments. PGPR isolates alone or in combination with BABA (β-amino butyric acid) up-regulated the transcriptions of PR1, PR2, LOX, and PAL genes. Treatments with N42 and T15 resulted in the greatest improvements in tomato growth and yield traits. In conclusion, the results explain the mechanisms of rhizobacterial colonization for the improved management of Pst. Rhizobacterial isolates play a role in tomato’s resistance to Pst via salicylic acid and jasmonic acid pathways.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Chemotactic responses to malic and citric acids varied substantially among the rhizobacterial isolates.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Interactor
- rhizobacterial isolatese2symbiont
- Outcome
- chemotactic responses to malic and citric acidse2
- Qualifier
- varied substantiallye2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the mechanisms of the rhizobacterial colonization of tomato roots via chemotaxis assay”
e2“Chemotactic responses to malic and citric acids (the most important root exudates found in different plant species) at low concentrations varied substantially among the rhizobacterial isolates (63 species)”
Claim · model-written summary
Pseudomonas putida T15 showed the most potent anti-Pst activity.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- P. putida T15e3
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato str. DC3000e1pathogen
- Second interactor
- P. putida T15
Pseudomonas putidae3biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- anti-Pst activitye3
- Direction
- most potente3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“against the pathogenic bacterium, Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pst)”
e3“P. putida T15 demonstrated the most potent anti-Pst activity”
Claim · model-written summary
The greatest polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase activity at three and six days after inoculation occurred in the A5 and T15 groups.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- A5 and T15 groupse4
- Outcome
- polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase activitye4
- Direction
- greatest levelse4
- Qualifier
- At three and six days after inoculatione4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the mechanisms of the rhizobacterial colonization of tomato roots via chemotaxis assay”
e4“At three and six days after inoculation, the greatest levels of polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase activity were reported in the A5 and T15 groups”
Claim · model-written summary
Transcript levels of four PR genes in tomato were elevated by rhizobacterial treatments.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume5
- Treatment
- rhizobacterial treatmentse5
- Gene
- PR (pathogenesis-related) genese5
- Outcome
- transcript levels of four PR (pathogenesis-related) genese5
- Direction
- elevatede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“In tomato, transcript levels of four PR (pathogenesis-related) genes were elevated by rhizobacterial treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
PGPR isolates alone or with BABA up-regulated PR1, PR2, LOX and PAL gene transcription in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume5
- Treatment
- PGPR isolates alone or in combination with BABA (β-amino butyric acid)e6
- Gene
- PR1, PR2, LOX, and PALe6
- Outcome
- transcriptions of PR1, PR2, LOX, and PAL genese6
- Direction
- up-regulatede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“PGPR isolates alone or in combination with BABA (β-amino butyric acid) up-regulated the transcriptions of PR1, PR2, LOX, and PAL genes”
e5“In tomato, transcript levels of four PR (pathogenesis-related) genes were elevated by rhizobacterial treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatments with N42 and T15 gave the greatest improvements in tomato growth and yield traits.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume7
- Treatment
- N42 and T15e7
- Outcome
- growth and yield traitse7
- Direction
- greatest improvementse7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“Treatments with N42 and T15 resulted in the greatest improvements in tomato growth and yield traits”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizobacterial isolates contribute to tomato resistance to Pst via the salicylic acid and jasmonic acid pathways.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume2
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato str. DC3000e1pathogen
- Compound
- salicylic acid and jasmonic acide2
- Outcome
- resistance to Pste2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Rhizobacterial isolates play a role in tomato’s resistance to Pst via salicylic acid and jasmonic acid pathways”
e1“against the pathogenic bacterium, Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pst)”
Claim · model-written summary
Beneficial rhizobacterial isolates reacted well to different concentrations of root exudates.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Material
- Pseudomonas resinovorans A5, P. vranovensis A30, P. resinovorans A28, P. umsongensis O26, P. stutzeri N42, and P. putida T15e1
- Outcome
- reacted welle1
- Qualifier
- to different concentrations of root exudatese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the mechanisms of the rhizobacterial colonization of tomato roots via chemotaxis assay”
e1“Beneficial isolates including Pseudomonas resinovorans A5, P. vranovensis A30, P. resinovorans A28, P. umsongensis O26, P. stutzeri N42, and P. putida T15 reacted well to different concentrations of root exudates”
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See all 58 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.