Abstract
The biology and biotechnology of bacteriophages have been extensively studied in recent years to explore new and environmentally friendly methods of controlling phytopathogenic bacteria. Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) is responsible for bacterial speck disease in tomato plants, leading to decreased yield. Disease management strategies rely on the use of copper-based pesticides. The biological control of Pst with the use of bacteriophages could be an alternative environmentally friendly approach to diminish the detrimental effects of Pst in tomato cultivations. The lytic efficacy of bacteriophages can be used in biocontrol-based disease management strategies. Here, we report the isolation and complete characterization of a bacteriophage, named Medea1, which was also tested in planta against Pst, under greenhouse conditions. The application of Medea1 as a root drenching inoculum or foliar spraying reduced 2.5- and fourfold on average, respectively, Pst symptoms in tomato plants, compared to a control group. In addition, it was observed that defense-related genes PR1b and Pin2 were upregulated in the phage-treated plants. Our research explores a new genus of Pseudomonas phages and explores its biocontrol potential against Pst, by utilizing its lytic nature and ability to trigger the immune response of plants. KEY POINTS: • Medea1 is a newly reported bacteriophage against Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato having genomic similarities with the phiPSA1 bacteriophage • Two application strategies were reported, one by root drenching the plants with a phage-based solution and one by foliar spraying, showing up to 60- and 6-fold reduction of Pst population and disease severity in some cases, respectively, compared to control • Bacteriophage Medea1 induced the expression of the plant defense-related genes Pin2 and PR1b.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Root drenching with Medea1 reduced Pst symptoms in tomato plants 2.5-fold on average compared with a control group.
- Taxon
- tomato plants
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- The application of Medea1 as a root drenching inoculume1
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato
Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomatoe0pathogen - Second interactor
- Medea1e1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- Pst symptomse1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 2.5- and fourfold on averagee1
- Comparator
- a control groupe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) is responsible for bacterial speck disease in tomato plants, leading to decreased yield”
e1“The application of Medea1 as a root drenching inoculum or foliar spraying reduced 2.5- and fourfold on average, respectively, Pst symptoms in tomato plants, compared to a control group”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar spraying with Medea1 reduced Pst symptoms in tomato plants fourfold on average compared with a control group.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- foliar sprayinge1
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomatoPseudomonas syringae pv. tomatoe0pathogen
- Second interactor
- Medea1e1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- Pst symptomse1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- fourfold on averagee1
- Comparator
- a control groupe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) is responsible for bacterial speck disease in tomato plants, leading to decreased yield”
e1“The application of Medea1 as a root drenching inoculum or foliar spraying reduced 2.5- and fourfold on average, respectively, Pst symptoms in tomato plants, compared to a control group”
Claim · model-written summary
Phage application reduced Pst population and disease severity by up to 60- and 6-fold, respectively, in some cases compared with control.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- root drenching the plants with a phage-based solutione4
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomatoPseudomonas syringae pv. tomatoe0pathogen
- Outcome
- Pst population and disease severitye3
- Direction
- reductione3
- Value
- 60- and 6-folde3
- Comparator
- controle3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) is responsible for bacterial speck disease in tomato plants, leading to decreased yield”
e3“showing up to 60- and 6-fold reduction of Pst population and disease severity in some cases, respectively, compared to control”
e4“root drenching the plants with a phage-based solution”
Claim · model-written summary
Medea1 induced expression of the defense-related genes PR1b and Pin2 in phage-treated tomato plants.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- phage-treated plantse2
- Gene
- PR1b and Pin2e2
- Outcome
- defense-related genese2
- Direction
- upregulatede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) is responsible for bacterial speck disease in tomato plants, leading to decreased yield”
e2“defense-related genes PR1b and Pin2 were upregulated in the phage-treated plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Medea1 has genomic similarities with the phiPSA1 bacteriophage.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume5
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomatoPseudomonas syringae pv. tomatoe5pathogen
- Outcome
- genomic similarities with the phiPSA1 bacteriophagee5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Medea1 is a newly reported bacteriophage against Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato having genomic similarities with the phiPSA1 bacteriophage”
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application · Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
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- no effect
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See all 8 papers →inoculation · Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
10 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
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See all 14 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.