Abstract
In the early stages of plant development, a sharp chilling can pose a significant threat to cold-resistant crops, such as winter cereals, in particular, rye. Phytohormones from the cytokinin family play a crucial role in regulating plant response to low-temperature stress. Pre-sowing seed priming with cytokinin solutions is a promising approach to improving the stress tolerance of cereals. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of chilling on the dynamics and localization of cytokinins in plants of rye cv. Boguslavka in the early stages of development, to determine the possibility of mitigating the adverse effects of cold stress through kernel priming with a zeatin solution, and to assess the effect of this substance on the balance of endogenous cytokinins. Kernels were soaked in either water or a zeatin solution (10—6 М), and plants were grown under controlled conditions of the vegetation chamber. Chilling was induced by exposing 7-day-old plants to the refrigerator for 2 h or twice for 6 h over two days. Endogenous cytokinins were analyzed using the HPLC-MS method. We found significant changes in the cytokinin pool in plants exposed to 2 °C for 2 h while no morphological alterations were observed. The content of trans-zeatin and trans-zeatin riboside increased considerable in the shoots of the plants grown from the kernels soaked in water, whereas in the roots, the level of these cytokinins dropped sharply. Prolonged chilling led to retarded shoot growth and elongated roots. Simultaneously, the level of trans-zeatin, isopentenyladenosine and isopentenyladenine in the shoots decreased to minimum values, while the amount of trans-zeatin riboside increased almost twofold. Transformations of the cytokinin pool in the roots followed a similar pattern. Overall, under the cold stress at the alarm stage, cytokinin balance changes were aimed at maintaining growth processes, while during the acclimation stage, they contributed to growth inhibition. Pre-sowing priming of rye kernels with a zeatin solution allowed plants to maintain normal growth and morphology under of prolonged chilling. This treatment significantly affected the homeostasis of endogenous cytokinins, resulting in a more moderate rearrangement of the cytokinin pool in stressed plants than in the control. We assume that changes in the balance of cytokinins due to seed priming allow plants to improve cold tolerance. Seed treatment with cytokinins could be a promising approach to increasing the adaptive properties of plants.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Brief chilling significantly changed the cytokinin pool without morphological alteration.
- Taxon
- rye
Secale cerealet0 - Treatment
- 2 °C for 2 he0
- Outcome
- cytokinin poole0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We found significant changes in the cytokinin pool in plants exposed to 2 °C for 2 h while no morphological alterations were observed.”
t0“rye plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Brief chilling produced no observed morphological alteration.
- Taxon
- ryeSecale cerealet0
- Outcome
- no morphological alterationse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“while no morphological alterations were observed.”
t0“rye plants”
Claim · model-written summary
In shoots from water-soaked kernels, trans-zeatin and trans-zeatin riboside content rose.
- Taxon
- ryeSecale cerealet0
- Organ / stage
- shootse0
- Treatment
- kernels soaked in watere0
- Outcome
- content of trans-zeatin and trans-zeatin ribosidee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The content of trans-zeatin and trans-zeatin riboside increased considerable in the shoots of the plants grown from the kernels soaked in water”
t0“rye plants”
Claim · model-written summary
In roots, these cytokinins fell sharply.
- Taxon
- ryeSecale cerealet0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Outcome
- level of these cytokininse0
- Direction
- dropped sharplye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“whereas in the roots, the level of these cytokinins dropped sharply.”
t0“rye plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Prolonged chilling retarded shoot growth.
- Taxon
- ryeSecale cerealet0
- Organ / stage
- shoote0
- Treatment
- Prolonged chillinge0
- Outcome
- shoot growthe0
- Direction
- retardede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Prolonged chilling led to retarded shoot growth and elongated roots.”
t0“rye plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Prolonged chilling elongated roots.
- Taxon
- ryeSecale cerealet0
- Treatment
- Prolonged chillinge0
- Outcome
- rootse0
- Direction
- elongatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Prolonged chilling led to retarded shoot growth and elongated roots.”
t0“rye plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot trans-zeatin, isopentenyladenosine and isopentenyladenine fell to minimum values.
- Taxon
- ryeSecale cerealet0
- Organ / stage
- shootse0
- Outcome
- level of trans-zeatin, isopentenyladenosine and isopentenyladeninee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the level of trans-zeatin, isopentenyladenosine and isopentenyladenine in the shoots decreased to minimum values”
t0“rye plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot trans-zeatin riboside rose almost twofold.
- Taxon
- ryeSecale cerealet0
- Outcome
- amount of trans-zeatin ribosidee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- almost twofolde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the amount of trans-zeatin riboside increased almost twofold.”
t0“rye plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Root cytokinin transformations followed a similar pattern.
- Taxon
- ryeSecale cerealet0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Outcome
- Transformations of the cytokinin poole0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Transformations of the cytokinin pool in the roots followed a similar pattern.”
t0“rye plants”
Claim · model-written summary
At the alarm stage cytokinin balance changes were interpreted as maintaining growth.
- Taxon
- ryeSecale cerealet0
- Outcome
- maintaining growth processese0
- Qualifier
- cytokinin balance changese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“under the cold stress at the alarm stage, cytokinin balance changes were aimed at maintaining growth processes”
t0“rye plants”
Claim · model-written summary
At acclimation, cytokinin balance changes were interpreted as contributing to growth inhibition.
- Taxon
- ryeSecale cerealet0
- Outcome
- growth inhibitione0
- Qualifier
- acclimation stagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“while during the acclimation stage, they contributed to growth inhibition.”
t0“rye plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Zeatin kernel priming maintained normal rye growth and morphology under prolonged chilling.
- Taxon
- ryeSecale cerealee0
- Treatment
- Pre-sowing priming of rye kernels with a zeatin solutione0
- Outcome
- normal growth and morphologye0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pre-sowing priming of rye kernels with a zeatin solution allowed plants to maintain normal growth and morphology under of prolonged chilling.”
Claim · model-written summary
Zeatin priming produced a more moderate rearrangement of the cytokinin pool in stressed plants than control.
- Taxon
- ryeSecale cerealet0
- Treatment
- zeatint0
- Outcome
- rearrangement of the cytokinin poole0
- Direction
- more moderatee0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This treatment significantly affected the homeostasis of endogenous cytokinins, resulting in a more moderate rearrangement of the cytokinin pool in stressed plants than in the control.”
t0“rye plants under chilling and kernel priming with zeatin”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors hypothesize that priming-related cytokinin changes improve cold tolerance.
- Taxon
- ryeSecale cerealet0
- Outcome
- cold tolerancee0
- Qualifier
- changes in the balance of cytokinins due to seed priminge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We assume that changes in the balance of cytokinins due to seed priming allow plants to improve cold tolerance.”
t0“rye plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest cytokinin seed treatment to increase plant adaptive properties.
- Taxon
- ryeSecale cerealet0
- Treatment
- Seed treatment with cytokininse0
- Outcome
- increasing the adaptive properties of plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed treatment with cytokinins could be a promising approach to increasing the adaptive properties of plants.”
t0“rye plants”
The same questions in other papers
seed treatment · growth · Secale cereale (rye)Positive and negative results
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.