Abstract
The adoption of suitable irrigation levels (IRL), humic acid doses (HAD) and soil mulching (SM) are important tools for improving the morpho-physiological and biochemical traits of medicinal and aromatic plants. Ocimum basilicum L. cultivated under four IRL: IRL 100 = 100% FC–IRL 75 = 75% FC–IRL 50 = 50% FC–IRL 25 = 25% FC and four HAD: HA 0 = 0.0 Lha−1–HA 10 = 10.0 Lha−1–HA 20 = 20.0 L ha−1–HA 40 = 40.0 L ha−1 were applied in order to evaluate morpho-physiological and biochemical traits under the ecological conditions of Eskişehir in 2016 and 2017. A second trial was conducted with black plastic soil mulch (SM) and compared with the control plots (CP) in 2016. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with split plots and three replications. The plant height (PH), fresh herb yield (FHY), dry herb yield (DHY), dry leaf yield (DLY), protein ratio (PR), and main essential oil compounds (MEOC) of Ocimum basilicum L. increased and the essential oil ratio (EOR) and essential oil yield (EOY) decreased with increasing IRL (IRL 100 and IRL 75). FHY (7268.3 and 7472.7 kg ha−1) and DLY (635.3 and 637.5 kg ha−1) increased with increasing HAD (HA 20 and HA 40) compared to the values of FHY and DLY at HA 0 (6852.6 and 587.0 respectively). The SM application at IRL 50 increased the PH between 8.8 and 13.5%, FHY 11.7 and 16.7%, DLY 22.5 and 29.2%, and at IRL 75 the EOY between 20.0 and 23.9% compared to CP. In addition, PH, FHY, DLY, and EOY were highest at HA 40 and HA 20. The MEOC (linalool, 1,8-cineole, and (E) – β-bergamotene) under SM were more pronounced at IRL 25 and IRL 50 compared to CP. HA particularly improved FHY, DLY, and the main essential oil compounds that can be considered plant biostimulants, which were defined by several studies and regulations.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Greater irrigation increased plant height and herb and leaf yields.
- Taxon
- Ocimum basilicum L.
Ocimum basilicume0 - Treatment
- increasing IRLe0
- Outcome
- plant height (PH), fresh herb yield (FHY), dry herb yield (DHY)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The plant height (PH), fresh herb yield (FHY), dry herb yield (DHY), dry leaf yield (DLY), protein ratio (PR), and main essential oil compounds (MEOC) of Ocimum basilicum L. increased and the essential oil ratio (EOR) and essential oil yield (EOY) decreased with increasing IRL (IRL 100 and IRL 75).”
Claim · model-written summary
Greater irrigation increased dry leaf yield and protein ratio.
- Taxon
- Ocimum basilicum L.Ocimum basilicume0
- Treatment
- increasing IRLe0
- Outcome
- dry leaf yield (DLY), protein ratio (PR)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The plant height (PH), fresh herb yield (FHY), dry herb yield (DHY), dry leaf yield (DLY), protein ratio (PR), and main essential oil compounds (MEOC) of Ocimum basilicum L. increased and the essential oil ratio (EOR) and essential oil yield (EOY) decreased with increasing IRL (IRL 100 and IRL 75).”
Claim · model-written summary
Greater irrigation increased main essential oil compounds.
- Taxon
- Ocimum basilicum L.Ocimum basilicume0
- Treatment
- increasing IRLe0
- Outcome
- main essential oil compounds (MEOC)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The plant height (PH), fresh herb yield (FHY), dry herb yield (DHY), dry leaf yield (DLY), protein ratio (PR), and main essential oil compounds (MEOC) of Ocimum basilicum L. increased and the essential oil ratio (EOR) and essential oil yield (EOY) decreased with increasing IRL (IRL 100 and IRL 75).”
Claim · model-written summary
Greater irrigation decreased essential oil ratio and yield.
- Taxon
- Ocimum basilicum L.Ocimum basilicumt0
- Treatment
- increasing IRLe0
- Outcome
- essential oil ratio (EOR) and essential oil yield (EOY)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the essential oil ratio (EOR) and essential oil yield (EOY) decreased with increasing IRL (IRL 100 and IRL 75).”
t0“Ocimum basilicum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
HA 20 and HA 40 raised fresh herb yield to 7268.3 and 7472.7 kg ha−1.
- Taxon
- Ocimum basilicum L.Ocimum basilicumt0
- Treatment
- HA 20 and HA 40e0
- Outcome
- FHYe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 7268.3 and 7472.7 kg ha−1e0
- Comparator
- HA 0e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“FHY (7268.3 and 7472.7 kg ha−1) and DLY (635.3 and 637.5 kg ha−1) increased with increasing HAD (HA 20 and HA 40) compared to the values of FHY and DLY at HA 0 (6852.6 and 587.0 respectively).”
t0“Ocimum basilicum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
HA 20 and HA 40 raised dry leaf yield to 635.3 and 637.5 kg ha−1.
- Taxon
- Ocimum basilicum L.Ocimum basilicumt0
- Treatment
- HA 20 and HA 40e0
- Outcome
- DLYe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 635.3 and 637.5 kg ha−1e0
- Comparator
- HA 0e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“FHY (7268.3 and 7472.7 kg ha−1) and DLY (635.3 and 637.5 kg ha−1) increased with increasing HAD (HA 20 and HA 40) compared to the values of FHY and DLY at HA 0 (6852.6 and 587.0 respectively).”
t0“Ocimum basilicum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Mulch at IRL 50 increased plant height by 8.8 to 13.5%.
- Taxon
- Ocimum basilicum L.Ocimum basilicumt0
- Treatment
- SM application at IRL 50e0
- Outcome
- PHe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 8.8 and 13.5%e0
- Comparator
- CPe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The SM application at IRL 50 increased the PH between 8.8 and 13.5%, FHY 11.7 and 16.7%, DLY 22.5 and 29.2%, and at IRL 75 the EOY between 20.0 and 23.9% compared to CP.”
t0“Ocimum basilicum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Mulch at IRL 50 increased fresh herb yield by 11.7 to 16.7%.
- Taxon
- Ocimum basilicum L.Ocimum basilicumt0
- Treatment
- SM application at IRL 50e0
- Outcome
- FHYe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 11.7 and 16.7%e0
- Comparator
- CPe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The SM application at IRL 50 increased the PH between 8.8 and 13.5%, FHY 11.7 and 16.7%, DLY 22.5 and 29.2%, and at IRL 75 the EOY between 20.0 and 23.9% compared to CP.”
t0“Ocimum basilicum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Mulch at IRL 50 increased dry leaf yield by 22.5 to 29.2%.
- Taxon
- Ocimum basilicum L.Ocimum basilicumt0
- Treatment
- SM application at IRL 50e0
- Outcome
- DLYe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 22.5 and 29.2%e0
- Comparator
- CPe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The SM application at IRL 50 increased the PH between 8.8 and 13.5%, FHY 11.7 and 16.7%, DLY 22.5 and 29.2%, and at IRL 75 the EOY between 20.0 and 23.9% compared to CP.”
t0“Ocimum basilicum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Mulch at IRL 75 increased essential oil yield by 20.0 to 23.9%.
- Taxon
- Ocimum basilicum L.Ocimum basilicumt0
- Treatment
- SM applicatione0
- Outcome
- EOYe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 20.0 and 23.9%e0
- Qualifier
- at IRL 75e0
- Comparator
- CPe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The SM application at IRL 50 increased the PH between 8.8 and 13.5%, FHY 11.7 and 16.7%, DLY 22.5 and 29.2%, and at IRL 75 the EOY between 20.0 and 23.9% compared to CP.”
t0“Ocimum basilicum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
HA 40 and HA 20 gave the highest plant height, herb and leaf yields, and oil yield.
- Taxon
- Ocimum basilicum L.Ocimum basilicumt0
- Treatment
- HA 40 and HA 20e0
- Outcome
- PH, FHY, DLYe0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PH, FHY, DLY, and EOY were highest at HA 40 and HA 20.”
t0“Ocimum basilicum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Under mulch, the main oil compounds were more pronounced at IRL 25 and IRL 50 than controls.
- Taxon
- Ocimum basilicum L.Ocimum basilicumt0
- Treatment
- SMe0
- Outcome
- MEOC (linalool, 1,8-cineole, and (E) – β-bergamotene)e0
- Direction
- more pronouncede0
- Qualifier
- at IRL 25 and IRL 50e0
- Comparator
- CPe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The MEOC (linalool, 1,8-cineole, and (E) – β-bergamotene) under SM were more pronounced at IRL 25 and IRL 50 compared to CP.”
t0“Ocimum basilicum L.”
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