Abstract
Sustainable maize production under changing climatic conditions, especially heat and water stress conditions is one of the key challenges that need to be addressed immediately. The current field study was designed to evaluate the impact of water stress on morpho-physiological, biochemical, reactive oxygen species, antioxidant activity and kernel quality traits at different plant growth stages in maize hybrids. Four indigenous i.e ., YH-5427, YH-5482, YH-5395, JPL-1908, and one multinational maize hybrid i.e ., NK-8441 (Syngenta Seeds) were used for the study. Four stress treatments (i) Control (ii) 3-week water stress at pre-flowering stage (iii) 3-week water stress at anthesis stage (iv) 3-week water stress at grain filling/post-anthesis stage. The presence of significant oxidative stress was revealed by the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROXs) i.e ., H 2 O 2 (1.9 to 5.8 µmole g −1 FW) and malondialdehyde (120.5 to 169.0 nmole g −1 FW) leading to severe negative impacts on kernel yield. Moreover, a severe reduction in photosynthetic ability (50.6%, from 34.0 to 16.8 µmole m −2 s −1 ), lower transpirational rate (31.3%, from 3.2 to 2.2 mmol m −2 s −1 ), alterations in plant anatomy, reduced pigments stability, and deterioration of kernel quality was attributed to water stress. Water stress affected all the three studied growth stages, the pre-flowering stage being the most vulnerable while the post-anthesis stage was the least affected stage to drought stress. Antioxidant activity was observed to increase under all stress conditions in all maize hybrids, however, the highest antioxidant activity was recorded at the anthesis stage and in maize hybrids YH-5427 i.e ., T-SOD activity was increased by 61.3% from 37.5 U mg −1 pro to 60.5 U mg −1 pro while CAT activity was maximum under water stress conditions 8.3 U mg −1 pro as compared to 10.3 U mg −1 pro under control (19.3%). The overall performance of maize hybrid YH-5427 was much more promising than other hybrids, attributed to its higher photosynthetic activity, and better antioxidant defense mechanism. Therefore, this hybrid could be recommended for cultivation in drought-prone areas.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Water stress increased hydrogen peroxide in maize hybrids to 1.9–5.8 µmole g−1 FW.
Verbatim
e0“overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROXs) i.e ., H 2 O 2 (1.9 to 5.8 µmole g −1 FW)”
t0“maize hybrids”
e2“CAT activity was maximum under water stress conditions 8.3 U mg −1 pro as compared to 10.3 U mg −1 pro under control (19.3%)”
e3“CAT activity was maximum under water stress conditions 8.3 U mg −1 pro as compared to 10.3 U mg −1 pro under control (19.3%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Water stress increased malondialdehyde in maize hybrids to 120.5–169.0 nmole g−1 FW.
Verbatim
e0“malondialdehyde (120.5 to 169.0 nmole g −1 FW) leading to severe negative impacts on kernel yield”
t0“maize hybrids”
e2“CAT activity was maximum under water stress conditions 8.3 U mg −1 pro as compared to 10.3 U mg −1 pro under control (19.3%)”
e3“CAT activity was maximum under water stress conditions 8.3 U mg −1 pro as compared to 10.3 U mg −1 pro under control (19.3%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Oxidative stress negatively affected kernel yield.
Verbatim
e0“overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROXs) i.e ., H 2 O 2 (1.9 to 5.8 µmole g −1 FW) and malondialdehyde (120.5 to 169.0 nmole g −1 FW) leading to severe negative impacts on kernel yield”
t0“maize hybrids”
Claim · model-written summary
Water stress reduced photosynthetic ability by 50.6%.
Verbatim
e0“severe reduction in photosynthetic ability (50.6%, from 34.0 to 16.8 µmole m −2 s −1 )”
t0“maize hybrids”
e2“CAT activity was maximum under water stress conditions 8.3 U mg −1 pro as compared to 10.3 U mg −1 pro under control (19.3%)”
e3“CAT activity was maximum under water stress conditions 8.3 U mg −1 pro as compared to 10.3 U mg −1 pro under control (19.3%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Water stress lowered transpiration rate by 31.3%.
Verbatim
e0“lower transpirational rate (31.3%, from 3.2 to 2.2 mmol m −2 s −1 )”
t0“maize hybrids”
e2“CAT activity was maximum under water stress conditions 8.3 U mg −1 pro as compared to 10.3 U mg −1 pro under control (19.3%)”
e3“CAT activity was maximum under water stress conditions 8.3 U mg −1 pro as compared to 10.3 U mg −1 pro under control (19.3%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Water stress altered plant anatomy.
Not reportedDirectionValue
Verbatim
e0“alterations in plant anatomy”
t0“maize hybrids”
e2“CAT activity was maximum under water stress conditions 8.3 U mg −1 pro as compared to 10.3 U mg −1 pro under control (19.3%)”
e3“CAT activity was maximum under water stress conditions 8.3 U mg −1 pro as compared to 10.3 U mg −1 pro under control (19.3%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Water stress reduced pigment stability.
- Taxon
- maize hybridst0
- Treatment
- water stresse2
- Outcome
- pigments stabilitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- Controle3
Not reportedValue
Verbatim
e0“reduced pigments stability”
t0“maize hybrids”
e2“CAT activity was maximum under water stress conditions 8.3 U mg −1 pro as compared to 10.3 U mg −1 pro under control (19.3%)”
e3“CAT activity was maximum under water stress conditions 8.3 U mg −1 pro as compared to 10.3 U mg −1 pro under control (19.3%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Water stress deteriorated kernel quality.
- Taxon
- maize hybridst0
- Treatment
- water stresse2
- Outcome
- kernel qualitye0
- Direction
- deterioratione0
- Comparator
- Controle3
Not reportedValue
Verbatim
e0“deterioration of kernel quality”
t0“maize hybrids”
e2“CAT activity was maximum under water stress conditions 8.3 U mg −1 pro as compared to 10.3 U mg −1 pro under control (19.3%)”
e3“CAT activity was maximum under water stress conditions 8.3 U mg −1 pro as compared to 10.3 U mg −1 pro under control (19.3%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Pre-flowering was the most vulnerable stage and post-anthesis the least affected by water stress.
Verbatim
e0“the pre-flowering stage being the most vulnerable while the post-anthesis stage was the least affected stage to drought stress”
t0“maize hybrids”
Claim · model-written summary
Antioxidant activity increased under all stress conditions in all maize hybrids.
Verbatim
e0“Antioxidant activity was observed to increase under all stress conditions in all maize hybrids”
e1“CAT activity was maximum under water stress conditions 8.3 U mg −1 pro as compared to 10.3 U mg −1 pro under control (19.3%)”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest antioxidant activity occurred at anthesis.
Verbatim
e0“the highest antioxidant activity was recorded at the anthesis stage”
t0“maize hybrids”
Claim · model-written summary
Water stress increased T-SOD activity in YH-5427 by 61.3%.
Verbatim
e0“maize hybrids YH-5427 i.e ., T-SOD activity was increased by 61.3% from 37.5 U mg −1 pro to 60.5 U mg −1 pro”
e1“maize hybrids YH-5427 i.e ., T-SOD activity was increased by 61.3% from 37.5 U mg −1 pro to 60.5 U mg −1 pro”
e2“CAT activity was maximum under water stress conditions 8.3 U mg −1 pro as compared to 10.3 U mg −1 pro under control (19.3%)”
e3“CAT activity was maximum under water stress conditions 8.3 U mg −1 pro as compared to 10.3 U mg −1 pro under control (19.3%)”
Claim · model-written summary
CAT activity in YH-5427 under water stress was 8.3 U mg−1 pro, compared with 10.3 under control.
Verbatim
e0“CAT activity was maximum under water stress conditions 8.3 U mg −1 pro as compared to 10.3 U mg −1 pro under control (19.3%)”
t0“maize hybrids”
e2“maize hybrids YH-5427 i.e ., T-SOD activity was increased by 61.3% from 37.5 U mg −1 pro to 60.5 U mg −1 pro”
Claim · model-written summary
YH-5427 performed better than the other hybrids.
Verbatim
e0“The overall performance of maize hybrid YH-5427 was much more promising than other hybrids”
e1“maize hybrids YH-5427 i.e ., T-SOD activity was increased by 61.3% from 37.5 U mg −1 pro to 60.5 U mg −1 pro”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend YH-5427 for cultivation in drought-prone areas.
Verbatim
e0“this hybrid could be recommended for cultivation in drought-prone areas”
t0“maize hybrids”
e2“maize hybrids YH-5427 i.e ., T-SOD activity was increased by 61.3% from 37.5 U mg −1 pro to 60.5 U mg −1 pro”
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