Abstract
Abstract An undersowing system with additional intercropping of flowering plants was assessed in field trials in Germany and Japan to estimate regulating effects on pests and possible negative effects on white cabbage ( Brassica oleracea var. capitata ). In particular, we tested cabbage undersown with wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) and cabbage undersown with wheat plus additional sweet alyssum ( Lobularia maritima L. Desv.) intercropping. Counts of the aphid species Brevicoryne brassicae (L.) and Myzus persicae (Sulzer), as well as related predators on cabbage plants, were determined. Abundance of Phyllotreta spp. flea beetles and their feeding damage on cabbage plants were recorded and cabbage yield was compared. In both countries, trials showed that wheat undersowing reduced the abundance of M. persicae but not B. brassicae . The occurrence of natural enemies on cabbage plants was not significantly affected by any of the companion plants. Additional sweet alyssum intercropping increased the abundance of adult hoverflies at the German but not at the Japanese location. However, it also significantly increased flea beetle infestation on cabbage plants at both locations. Neither wheat undersowing nor additional sweet alyssum intercropping significantly reduced cabbage harvest weight. In conclusion, adding companion plants can be a promising method to improve pest control in vegetable crops. However, intercropping crucifer crops with sweet alyssum may not be recommended in regions where flea beetles are a relevant pest because of the observed enhancing effect on them. In contrast, to prove the positive effect of wheat undersowing on white cabbage, results from further years of investigation are needed.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat undersowing reduced M. persicae abundance in both countries.
- Taxon
- cabbage
Brassica oleracea var. capitatae1 - Treatment
- wheat undersowinge0
- Interactor
- M. persicae
Myzus persicaee0pest - Outcome
- abundance of M. persicaee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparatorSetting
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In both countries, trials showed that wheat undersowing reduced the abundance of M. persicae but not B. brassicae”
e1“on cabbage plants, were determined”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat undersowing did not reduce B. brassicae abundance.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatae1
- Treatment
- wheat undersowinge0
- Interactor
- B. brassicae
.jpg?width=60)
Brevicoryne brassicaee0pest - Outcome
- B. brassicaee0
- Direction
- note0
Not reportedComparatorSetting
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“In both countries, trials showed that wheat undersowing reduced the abundance of M. persicae but not B. brassicae”
e1“on cabbage plants, were determined”
Claim · model-written summary
Companion plants did not significantly affect natural enemies on cabbage.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatae0
- Treatment
- companion plantse0
- Interactor
- natural enemiese0other
- Outcome
- occurrence of natural enemiese0
- Direction
- not significantly affectede0
Not reportedComparatorSetting
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The occurrence of natural enemies on cabbage plants was not significantly affected by any of the companion plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Sweet alyssum intercropping increased adult hoverflies in Germany.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatae1
- Treatment
- sweet alyssum intercroppinge0
- Interactor
- adult hoverfliese0other
- Outcome
- abundance of adult hoverfliese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Setting
- Germane0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Additional sweet alyssum intercropping increased the abundance of adult hoverflies at the German but not at the Japanese location”
e1“on cabbage plants, were determined”
Claim · model-written summary
Sweet alyssum intercropping did not increase adult hoverflies in Japan.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatae1
- Treatment
- sweet alyssum intercroppinge0
- Interactor
- adult hoverfliese0other
- Outcome
- abundance of adult hoverfliese0
- Direction
- note0
- Setting
- Japanesee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Additional sweet alyssum intercropping increased the abundance of adult hoverflies at the German but not at the Japanese location”
e1“on cabbage plants, were determined”
Claim · model-written summary
Sweet alyssum intercropping significantly increased cabbage flea beetle infestation at both locations.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatae0
- Interactor
- flea beetlee0pest
- Outcome
- flea beetle infestatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedTreatmentComparatorSetting
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it also significantly increased flea beetle infestation on cabbage plants at both locations”
Claim · model-written summary
wheat undersowing did not significantly reduce cabbage harvest weight.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatae0
- Treatment
- wheat undersowinge0
- Outcome
- cabbage harvest weighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedInteractorInteractor roleComparatorSetting
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Neither wheat undersowing nor additional sweet alyssum intercropping significantly reduced cabbage harvest weight”
Claim · model-written summary
additional sweet alyssum intercropping did not significantly reduce cabbage harvest weight.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatae0
- Treatment
- additional sweet alyssum intercroppinge0
- Outcome
- cabbage harvest weighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedInteractorInteractor roleComparatorSetting
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Neither wheat undersowing nor additional sweet alyssum intercropping significantly reduced cabbage harvest weight”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors advise against sweet alyssum intercropping with crucifer crops where flea beetles are relevant pests.
Verbatim
e0“intercropping crucifer crops with sweet alyssum may not be recommended in regions where flea beetles are a relevant pest because of the observed enhancing effect on them”
t0“white cabbage”
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