Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION: FO12 strain enhances Fe deficiency responses in cucumber plants, probably through the production of ethylene and NO in the subapical regions of the roots. Rhizosphere microorganisms can elicit induced systemic resistance (ISR) in plants. This type of resistance involves complex mechanisms that confer protection to the plant against pathogen attack. Additionally, it has been reported by several studies that ISR and Fe deficiency responses are modulated by common pathways, involving some phytohormones and signaling molecules, like ethylene and nitric oxide (NO). The aim of this study was to determine whether the nonpathogenic strain of Fusarium oxysporum FO12 can induce Fe deficiency responses in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) plants. Our results demonstrate that the root inoculation of cucumber plants with the FO12 strain promotes plant growth after several days of cultivation, as well as rhizosphere acidification and enhancement of ferric reductase activity. Moreover, Fe-related genes, such as FRO1, IRT1 and HA1, are upregulated at certain times after FO12 inoculation either upon Fe-deficiency or Fe-sufficient conditions. Furthermore, it has been found that this fungus colonizes root cortical tissues, promoting the upregulation of ethylene synthesis genes and NO production in the root subapical regions. To better understand the effects of the FO12 strain on field conditions, cucumber plants were inoculated and cultivated in a calcareous soil under greenhouse conditions. The results obtained show a modification of some physiological parameters in the inoculated plants, such as flowering and reduction of tissue necrosis. Overall, the results suggest that the FO12 strain could have a great potential as a Fe biofertilizer and biostimulant.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
FO12 root inoculation promoted cucumber growth after several days.
- Taxon
- cucumber
Cucumis sativuse0 - Treatment
- root inoculation of cucumber plants with the FO12 straine0
- Interactor
- FO12 straine0other
- Outcome
- plant growthe0
- Direction
- promotese0
- Qualifier
- after several days of cultivatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the root inoculation of cucumber plants with the FO12 strain promotes plant growth after several days of cultivation, as well as rhizosphere acidification and enhancement of ferric reductase activity.”
Claim · model-written summary
FO12 root inoculation promoted rhizosphere acidification.
- Treatment
- root inoculation of cucumber plants with the FO12 straine0
- Interactor
- FO12 straine0other
- Outcome
- rhizosphere acidificatione0
- Direction
- promotese0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“the root inoculation of cucumber plants with the FO12 strain promotes plant growth after several days of cultivation, as well as rhizosphere acidification and enhancement of ferric reductase activity.”
Claim · model-written summary
FO12 inoculation enhanced ferric reductase activity.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- root inoculation of cucumber plants with the FO12 straine0
- Interactor
- FO12 straine0other
- Outcome
- ferric reductase activitye0
- Direction
- enhancemente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the root inoculation of cucumber plants with the FO12 strain promotes plant growth after several days of cultivation, as well as rhizosphere acidification and enhancement of ferric reductase activity.”
Claim · model-written summary
FO12 inoculation upregulated FRO1, IRT1 and HA1 at certain times in both deficient and sufficient iron conditions.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- FO12 inoculatione0
- Interactor
- FO12e0other
- Gene
- FRO1, IRT1 and HA1e0
- Outcome
- Fe-related genese0
- Direction
- upregulatede0
- Qualifier
- at certain times after FO12 inoculation either upon Fe-deficiency or Fe-sufficient conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fe-related genes, such as FRO1, IRT1 and HA1, are upregulated at certain times after FO12 inoculation either upon Fe-deficiency or Fe-sufficient conditions.”
t0“cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
FO12 colonized cucumber root cortical tissues.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust1
- Organ / stage
- root cortical tissuese0
- Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporum FO12
_(Fusarium_oxysporum_f.sp._batatas)_1234227-PPT-Clemson_University.jpg?width=60)
Fusarium oxysporumt0other - Outcome
- colonizes root cortical tissuese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_(Fusarium_oxysporum_f.sp._batatas)_1234227-PPT-Clemson_University.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“this fungus colonizes root cortical tissues”
t0“Fusarium oxysporum FO12”
t1“cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
FO12 promoted ethylene synthesis gene upregulation in root subapical regions.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust1
- Organ / stage
- root subapical regionse0
- Treatment
- FO12t0
- Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporum FO12Fusarium oxysporumt0other
- Outcome
- ethylene synthesis genese0
- Direction
- upregulatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“promoting the upregulation of ethylene synthesis genes and NO production in the root subapical regions.”
t0“Fusarium oxysporum FO12”
t1“cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
FO12 promoted nitric oxide production in root subapical regions.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust1
- Organ / stage
- root subapical regionse0
- Treatment
- FO12t0
- Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporum FO12Fusarium oxysporumt0other
- Outcome
- NO productione0
- Direction
- promotinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“promoting the upregulation of ethylene synthesis genes and NO production in the root subapical regions.”
t0“Fusarium oxysporum FO12”
t1“cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
FO12 inoculation modified flowering in greenhouse cucumber grown in calcareous soil.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- inoculatede0
- Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporum FO12Fusarium oxysporumt0other
- Outcome
- floweringe1
- Qualifier
- calcareous soile0
- Setting
- greenhouse conditionse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cucumber plants were inoculated and cultivated in a calcareous soil under greenhouse conditions.”
e1“The results obtained show a modification of some physiological parameters in the inoculated plants, such as flowering and reduction of tissue necrosis.”
t0“Fusarium oxysporum FO12”
Claim · model-written summary
FO12 inoculation reduced tissue necrosis in greenhouse cucumber grown in calcareous soil.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- inoculatede0
- Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporum FO12Fusarium oxysporumt0other
- Outcome
- tissue necrosise1
- Direction
- reductione1
- Qualifier
- calcareous soile0
- Setting
- greenhouse conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cucumber plants were inoculated and cultivated in a calcareous soil under greenhouse conditions.”
e1“The results obtained show a modification of some physiological parameters in the inoculated plants, such as flowering and reduction of tissue necrosis.”
t0“Fusarium oxysporum FO12”
Claim · model-written summary
FO12 probably enhances cucumber iron-deficiency responses through ethylene and nitric oxide in subapical roots.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Organ / stage
- subapical regions of the rootse0
- Interactor
- FO12 straine0other
- Compound
- ethylene and NOe0
- Outcome
- Fe deficiency responsese0
- Qualifier
- probably through the productione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“FO12 strain enhances Fe deficiency responses in cucumber plants, probably through the production of ethylene and NO in the subapical regions of the roots.”
Claim · model-written summary
FO12 could serve as an iron biofertilizer and biostimulant.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Interactor
- FO12 straine0other
- Outcome
- Fe biofertilizer and biostimulante0
- Qualifier
- could have a great potentiale0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Overall, the results suggest that the FO12 strain could have a great potential as a Fe biofertilizer and biostimulant.”
t0“cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)”
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