Abstract
AIM: To evaluate the in vitro and in vivo antifungal capability of diverse compost teas of endemic Chilean flora inoculated with a consortium of fungal strains of Trichoderma spp. (biocontrol agent) against three important phytopathogens: Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium oxysporum, andLasiodiplodia theobromae. METHODS AND RESULTS: Compost teas were obtained from the endemic flora of Chile (Azara celastrina, Citronella mucronate, Cryptocarya alba, Peumus boldus, and Quillaja saponaria). Eleven Trichoderma strains were isolated, and antagonism tests were performed to develop fungal consortiums with biocontrol properties. The biocontrol effect of compost teas inoculated with Trichoderma consortia was also analyzed. The results showed that the teas possess antifungal activity against B. cinerea and F. oxysporum and, to a lower degree, against L. theobromae. In vitro tests showed that Trichoderma consortiums improved the suppressive effect against B. cinerea (94-97%), F. oxysporum (89-92%), and L. theobromae (51-73%). Peumus boldus tea showed the highest suppressive effect against the plant pathogen L. theobromae. In addition, the in vivo assay showed that tomato plants treated only with Trichoderma or compost tea did not show differences in height with regard to control plants. However, when these two treatments were combined, the best performance in plant height and protection against pathogens was observed. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that the addition of a consortium of Trichoderma strains with intra- and interspecific incompatibilities significantly improves the inhibitory effect of compost teas in in vitro tests against the plant pathogenic fungi, while in vivo it enhances tomato plant growth and reduces plant disease symptoms.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma alone did not change tomato plant height relative to controls.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- Trichodermae0
- Interactor
- Trichoderma
Trichodermae0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- heighte0
- Direction
- did not show differencese0
- Comparator
- control plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tomato plants treated only with Trichoderma or compost tea did not show differences in height with regard to control plants”
t0“tomato plants treated only with Trichoderma or compost tea”
Claim · model-written summary
Compost tea alone did not change tomato plant height relative to controls.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- compost teae0
- Outcome
- heighte0
- Direction
- did not show differencese0
- Comparator
- control plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tomato plants treated only with Trichoderma or compost tea did not show differences in height with regard to control plants”
t0“tomato plants treated only with Trichoderma or compost tea”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined Trichoderma and compost tea gave the best tomato plant height.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- these two treatmentse0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- best performancee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“when these two treatments were combined, the best performance in plant height and protection against pathogens was observed”
t0“tomato plants treated only with Trichoderma or compost tea”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined Trichoderma and compost tea gave the best pathogen protection in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- these two treatmentse0
- Outcome
- protection against pathogense0
- Direction
- best performancee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“when these two treatments were combined, the best performance in plant height and protection against pathogens was observed”
t0“tomato plants treated only with Trichoderma or compost tea”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma consortia improved suppression of B. cinerea in vitro by 94-97%.
- Taxon
- Azara celastrina
Azara celastrinat0 - Treatment
- Trichoderma consortiumse0
- Interactor
- B. cinerea
Botrytis cinereae0pathogen - Second interactor
- TrichodermaTrichodermae0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- suppressive effect against B. cinereae0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 94-97%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Trichoderma consortiums improved the suppressive effect against B. cinerea (94-97%)”
t0“Azara celastrina, Citronella mucronate, Cryptocarya alba, Peumus boldus, and Quillaja saponaria”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma consortia improved suppression of F. oxysporum in vitro by 89-92%.
- Taxon
- Azara celastrinaAzara celastrinat0
- Treatment
- Trichoderma consortiumse0
- Interactor
- F. oxysporum
_(Fusarium_oxysporum_f.sp._batatas)_1234227-PPT-Clemson_University.jpg?width=60)
Fusarium oxysporume0pathogen - Second interactor
- TrichodermaTrichodermae0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- suppressive effecte0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 89-92%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_(Fusarium_oxysporum_f.sp._batatas)_1234227-PPT-Clemson_University.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Trichoderma consortiums improved the suppressive effect against B. cinerea (94-97%), F. oxysporum (89-92%)”
t0“Azara celastrina, Citronella mucronate, Cryptocarya alba, Peumus boldus, and Quillaja saponaria”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma consortia improved suppression of L. theobromae in vitro by 51-73%.
- Taxon
- Azara celastrinaAzara celastrinat0
- Treatment
- Trichoderma consortiumse0
- Interactor
- L. theobromaee0pathogen
- Second interactor
- TrichodermaTrichodermae0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- suppressive effecte0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 51-73%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Trichoderma consortiums improved the suppressive effect against B. cinerea (94-97%), F. oxysporum (89-92%), and L. theobromae (51-73%)”
t0“Azara celastrina, Citronella mucronate, Cryptocarya alba, Peumus boldus, and Quillaja saponaria”
Claim · model-written summary
Peumus boldus tea had the highest suppressive effect on L. theobromae.
- Taxon
- Peumus boldus
Peumus boldust0 - Interactor
- L. theobromaee0pathogen
- Outcome
- suppressive effect against the plant pathogen L. theobromaee0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Peumus boldus tea showed the highest suppressive effect against the plant pathogen L. theobromae”
t0“Peumus boldus tea showed the highest suppressive effect against the plant pathogen L. theobromae”
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