Abstract
The application of plasma-activated water (PAW) in agriculture has gained the attention of researchers and practitioners. In particular, treatment with PAW is a promising method for increasing scion and rootstock survival as well as augmenting the mineral nutrition applicable to tree fruit crops. However, the applications of PAW are hampered by the lack of information about the effects of PAW on apple tree condition and yield. The increase in survival rate by PAW is believed to stem from the general stimulation of physiological processes in the plant tissue. To assess the actual effect of the PAW treatments, one needs to consider an important indicator of young tree quality such as their vegetative growth. We conducted field experiments to study the possibility of use of PAW for increase in primary nutrient contents in fruits and leaves in an orchard, as well as to assess the scion survival rate and vegetative growth of young grafts in a nursery. The application of PAW influenced the fruitset, yield, leaf nitrogen (N) and potassium (K), fruit phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca) ascorbic acid (AA) and titratable acidity (TA). Treatment with PAW did not significantly reduce the negative impact of the rootstock thickness on the survival rate of bench grafts and their subsequent development. At the same time, scion survival tended to increase in the case when the scions and the rootstocks were of compatible thickness. Further studies of the PAW treatment effects are needed to better understand its applicability in diverse fields of horticulture.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
PAW influenced apple fruitset.
- Taxon
- Apple
Malus domesticat0 - Treatment
- PAWe0
- Outcome
- fruitsete0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of PAW influenced the fruitset, yield, leaf nitrogen (N) and potassium (K), fruit phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca) ascorbic acid (AA) and titratable acidity (TA).”
t0“Apple”
Claim · model-written summary
PAW influenced apple yield.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- PAWe0
- Outcome
- yielde0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of PAW influenced the fruitset, yield, leaf nitrogen (N) and potassium (K), fruit phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca) ascorbic acid (AA) and titratable acidity (TA).”
t0“Apple”
Claim · model-written summary
PAW influenced apple leaf nitrogen.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- PAWe0
- Outcome
- leaf nitrogen (N)e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of PAW influenced the fruitset, yield, leaf nitrogen (N) and potassium (K), fruit phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca) ascorbic acid (AA) and titratable acidity (TA).”
t0“Apple”
Claim · model-written summary
PAW influenced apple leaf potassium.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Organ / stage
- leafe0
- Treatment
- PAWe0
- Outcome
- potassium (K)e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of PAW influenced the fruitset, yield, leaf nitrogen (N) and potassium (K), fruit phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca) ascorbic acid (AA) and titratable acidity (TA).”
t0“Apple”
Claim · model-written summary
PAW influenced apple fruit phosphorus.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- PAWe0
- Outcome
- fruit phosphorus (P)e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of PAW influenced the fruitset, yield, leaf nitrogen (N) and potassium (K), fruit phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca) ascorbic acid (AA) and titratable acidity (TA).”
t0“Apple”
Claim · model-written summary
PAW influenced apple fruit calcium.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Organ / stage
- fruite0
- Treatment
- PAWe0
- Outcome
- calcium (Ca)e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of PAW influenced the fruitset, yield, leaf nitrogen (N) and potassium (K), fruit phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca) ascorbic acid (AA) and titratable acidity (TA).”
t0“Apple”
Claim · model-written summary
PAW influenced apple fruit ascorbic acid.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Organ / stage
- fruite0
- Treatment
- PAWe0
- Outcome
- ascorbic acid (AA)e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of PAW influenced the fruitset, yield, leaf nitrogen (N) and potassium (K), fruit phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca) ascorbic acid (AA) and titratable acidity (TA).”
t0“Apple”
Claim · model-written summary
PAW influenced apple fruit titratable acidity.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Organ / stage
- fruite0
- Treatment
- PAWe0
- Outcome
- titratable acidity (TA)e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of PAW influenced the fruitset, yield, leaf nitrogen (N) and potassium (K), fruit phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca) ascorbic acid (AA) and titratable acidity (TA).”
t0“Apple”
Claim · model-written summary
PAW did not significantly reduce the negative effect of rootstock thickness on graft survival and development.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- PAWe0
- Outcome
- survival rate of bench grafts and their subsequent developmente0
- Direction
- did not significantly reducee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatment with PAW did not significantly reduce the negative impact of the rootstock thickness on the survival rate of bench grafts and their subsequent development.”
t0“Apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Scion survival tended to rise when scion and rootstock thickness were compatible.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- scionse0
- Outcome
- scion survivale0
- Direction
- tended to increasee0
- Qualifier
- compatible thicknesse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“scion survival tended to increase in the case when the scions and the rootstocks were of compatible thickness.”
t0“Apple”
The same questions in other papers
physical treatment · growth · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.