Abstract
The exogenous application of natural metabolites, such as phenolic compounds, is a useful strategy to stimulate growth and reduce the adverse effects of abiotic stress on crops, such as salinity. Salinity stress is one of the most damaging abiotic stresses to plants, causing reductions in growth by changes in the physiology, biochemistry, and gene expression. In this work, we investigated the effect of the foliar application of flavonoids (CropBioLife, CBL) on control and salt-stressed (NaCl 60 mM) tomato plants grown in controlled conditions. The results showed that CBL mainly influenced the stimulation of photosynthesis, increasing CO2 fixation and promoting growth. Furthermore, a higher stomata number in an open state was found in CBL-treated plants in relation to the higher CO2 fixation, which also resulted in a higher H2O uptake due to increasing stomatal conductance and nutrient uptake that plants need for growth. The results were due to the increase of phenolic metabolism and the expression of most of the aquaporins, which could be the triggering signal for the rest to the changes observed. The effect of the biostimulation of CBL under salinity was related to higher levels of photosynthesis, the increase of some mineral nutrients, and the increase of some PIP aquaporins expression, although no effect on growth was observed. The results of this work showing the mechanism of action of flavonoids in tomato plants open a new line of investigation with great importance for the future of agronomy.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
CBL increased CO2 fixation and stimulated photosynthesis.
- Taxon
- Tomato Plants
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- CBLe0
- Outcome
- CO2 fixatione0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CBL mainly influenced the stimulation of photosynthesis, increasing CO2 fixation and promoting growth”
t0“Tomato Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
CBL promoted plant growth.
- Taxon
- Tomato PlantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- CBLe0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- promotinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CBL mainly influenced the stimulation of photosynthesis, increasing CO2 fixation and promoting growth”
t0“Tomato Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
CBL-treated plants had more open stomata.
- Taxon
- Tomato PlantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- CBL-treatede0
- Outcome
- stomata number in an open statee0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a higher stomata number in an open state was found in CBL-treated plants”
t0“Tomato Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
CBL-treated plants had higher H2O uptake and stomatal conductance.
- Taxon
- Tomato PlantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- CBLe1
- Outcome
- H2O uptakee0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a higher H2O uptake due to increasing stomatal conductance and nutrient uptake”
t0“Tomato Plants”
e1“CBL mainly influenced the stimulation of photosynthesis, increasing CO2 fixation and promoting growth”
Claim · model-written summary
CBL-treated plants had increasing stomatal conductance and nutrient uptake.
- Taxon
- Tomato PlantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- CBLe1
- Outcome
- stomatal conductance and nutrient uptakee0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increasing stomatal conductance and nutrient uptake”
t0“Tomato Plants”
e1“CBL mainly influenced the stimulation of photosynthesis, increasing CO2 fixation and promoting growth”
Claim · model-written summary
CBL increased phenolic metabolism and expression of most aquaporins.
- Taxon
- Tomato PlantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- CBLe1
- Outcome
- phenolic metabolism and the expression of most of the aquaporinse0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increase of phenolic metabolism and the expression of most of the aquaporins”
t0“Tomato Plants”
e1“CBL mainly influenced the stimulation of photosynthesis, increasing CO2 fixation and promoting growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Under salinity, CBL raised photosynthesis.
- Taxon
- Tomato PlantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- CBL under salinitye0
- Outcome
- photosynthesise0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CBL under salinity was related to higher levels of photosynthesis”
t0“Tomato Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Under salinity, CBL increased some mineral nutrients.
- Taxon
- Tomato PlantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- CBLe1
- Outcome
- some mineral nutrientse0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the increase of some mineral nutrients”
t0“Tomato Plants”
e1“CBL mainly influenced the stimulation of photosynthesis, increasing CO2 fixation and promoting growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Under salinity, CBL increased expression of some PIP aquaporins.
- Taxon
- Tomato PlantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- CBLe1
- Outcome
- PIP aquaporins expressione0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the increase of some PIP aquaporins expression”
t0“Tomato Plants”
e1“CBL mainly influenced the stimulation of photosynthesis, increasing CO2 fixation and promoting growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Under salinity, CBL showed no effect on growth.
- Taxon
- Tomato PlantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- CBLe1
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no effect on growth was observed”
t0“Tomato Plants”
e1“CBL mainly influenced the stimulation of photosynthesis, increasing CO2 fixation and promoting growth”
The same questions in other papers
salinity · physiology: photosynthesis · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results differ
8 papers in the same direction as this paper · 60 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
65 papers more in this group
See all 69 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.