Abstract
The gulupa (Passiflora edulis Sims f. edulis) is one of the main fruit trees that are part of Colombia's export supply. The objective of this research was to determine the effect of chemical fertilizers alone (control) or together with integrated fertilization (humic acids or vermicompost; two separate treatments), on the yield and quality of gulupa fruit during two consecutive production cycles in the Colombian Amazon foothills. The climatic conditions were monitored and the phenological state of the plant was related to the average temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, solar radiation, and vapor pressure deficit. The integrated fertilization with vermicompost offered better values in productive parameters (fresh weight, number of fruits and equatorial diameter) irrespective of the cycle considered, but the fruit quality attributes were similar irrespective of the fertilization treatment tested. The fluctuations of the climatic variables of precipitation, relative humidity and solar radiation in both cycles (the second rainiest and affected by the ENSO phenomenon) reduced the quality of the fruit (whole fruit firmness by 19%, dry matter and pulp total titratable acidity by 24%, total soluble solids by 8%, individual sugars by 49%, organic acids by 63% and antioxidant capacity by 67%) as well as the productive parameters during the second cycle. These results demonstrate the high degree of influence exerted by the climate on productive and fruit quality attributes that are decisive in the production and marketing of the fruit.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Vermicompost integrated fertilization improved fruit fresh weight across cycles.
- Taxon
- gulupa (Passiflora edulis Sims f. edulis)
Passiflora edulis f. edulist0 - Organ / stage
- fruitse0
- Treatment
- integrated fertilization with vermicomposte0
- Outcome
- fresh weighte0
- Direction
- bettere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The integrated fertilization with vermicompost offered better values in productive parameters (fresh weight, number of fruits and equatorial diameter) irrespective of the cycle considered, but the fruit quality attributes were similar irrespective of the fertilization treatment tested.”
t0“The climactic conditions limit fruit production and quality in gulupa (Passiflora edulis Sims f. edulis) under integrated fertilization”
Claim · model-written summary
Vermicompost integrated fertilization improved fruit number across cycles.
- Taxon
- gulupa (Passiflora edulis Sims f. edulis)Passiflora edulis f. edulist0
- Treatment
- integrated fertilization with vermicomposte0
- Outcome
- number of fruitse0
- Direction
- bettere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The integrated fertilization with vermicompost offered better values in productive parameters (fresh weight, number of fruits and equatorial diameter) irrespective of the cycle considered, but the fruit quality attributes were similar irrespective of the fertilization treatment tested.”
t0“The climactic conditions limit fruit production and quality in gulupa (Passiflora edulis Sims f. edulis) under integrated fertilization”
Claim · model-written summary
Vermicompost integrated fertilization improved fruit equatorial diameter across cycles.
- Taxon
- gulupa (Passiflora edulis Sims f. edulis)Passiflora edulis f. edulist0
- Treatment
- integrated fertilization with vermicomposte0
- Outcome
- equatorial diametere0
- Direction
- bettere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The integrated fertilization with vermicompost offered better values in productive parameters (fresh weight, number of fruits and equatorial diameter) irrespective of the cycle considered, but the fruit quality attributes were similar irrespective of the fertilization treatment tested.”
t0“The climactic conditions limit fruit production and quality in gulupa (Passiflora edulis Sims f. edulis) under integrated fertilization”
Claim · model-written summary
Fruit quality attributes were similar across fertilization treatments.
- Taxon
- gulupa (Passiflora edulis Sims f. edulis)Passiflora edulis f. edulist0
- Treatment
- fertilization treatmente0
- Outcome
- fruit quality attributese0
- Direction
- similare0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The integrated fertilization with vermicompost offered better values in productive parameters (fresh weight, number of fruits and equatorial diameter) irrespective of the cycle considered, but the fruit quality attributes were similar irrespective of the fertilization treatment tested.”
t0“The climactic conditions limit fruit production and quality in gulupa (Passiflora edulis Sims f. edulis) under integrated fertilization”
Claim · model-written summary
Climatic fluctuations reduced whole fruit firmness in the second cycle by 19%.
- Taxon
- gulupa (Passiflora edulis Sims f. edulis)Passiflora edulis f. edulist0
- Outcome
- whole fruit firmnesse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 19%e0
- Qualifier
- fluctuations of the climatic variables of precipitation, relative humidity and solar radiatione0
- Setting
- second cyclee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The fluctuations of the climatic variables of precipitation, relative humidity and solar radiation in both cycles (the second rainiest and affected by the ENSO phenomenon) reduced the quality of the fruit (whole fruit firmness by 19%, dry matter and pulp total titratable acidity by 24%, total soluble solids by 8%, individual sugars by 49%, organic acids by 63% and antioxidant capacity by 67%) as well as the productive parameters during the second cycle.”
t0“The climactic conditions limit fruit production and quality in gulupa (Passiflora edulis Sims f. edulis) under integrated fertilization”
Claim · model-written summary
Climatic fluctuations reduced fruit dry matter by 24% in the second cycle.
- Taxon
- gulupa (Passiflora edulis Sims f. edulis)Passiflora edulis f. edulist0
- Outcome
- dry mattere0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 24%e0
- Setting
- second cyclee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The fluctuations of the climatic variables of precipitation, relative humidity and solar radiation in both cycles (the second rainiest and affected by the ENSO phenomenon) reduced the quality of the fruit (whole fruit firmness by 19%, dry matter and pulp total titratable acidity by 24%, total soluble solids by 8%, individual sugars by 49%, organic acids by 63% and antioxidant capacity by 67%) as well as the productive parameters during the second cycle.”
t0“The climactic conditions limit fruit production and quality in gulupa (Passiflora edulis Sims f. edulis) under integrated fertilization”
Claim · model-written summary
Climatic fluctuations reduced pulp total titratable acidity by 24% in the second cycle.
- Taxon
- gulupa (Passiflora edulis Sims f. edulis)Passiflora edulis f. edulist0
- Outcome
- pulp total titratable aciditye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 24%e0
- Setting
- second cyclee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The fluctuations of the climatic variables of precipitation, relative humidity and solar radiation in both cycles (the second rainiest and affected by the ENSO phenomenon) reduced the quality of the fruit (whole fruit firmness by 19%, dry matter and pulp total titratable acidity by 24%, total soluble solids by 8%, individual sugars by 49%, organic acids by 63% and antioxidant capacity by 67%) as well as the productive parameters during the second cycle.”
t0“The climactic conditions limit fruit production and quality in gulupa (Passiflora edulis Sims f. edulis) under integrated fertilization”
Claim · model-written summary
Climatic fluctuations reduced total soluble solids by 8% in the second cycle.
- Taxon
- gulupa (Passiflora edulis Sims f. edulis)Passiflora edulis f. edulist0
- Outcome
- total soluble solidse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 8%e0
- Setting
- second cyclee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The fluctuations of the climatic variables of precipitation, relative humidity and solar radiation in both cycles (the second rainiest and affected by the ENSO phenomenon) reduced the quality of the fruit (whole fruit firmness by 19%, dry matter and pulp total titratable acidity by 24%, total soluble solids by 8%, individual sugars by 49%, organic acids by 63% and antioxidant capacity by 67%) as well as the productive parameters during the second cycle.”
t0“The climactic conditions limit fruit production and quality in gulupa (Passiflora edulis Sims f. edulis) under integrated fertilization”
Claim · model-written summary
Climatic fluctuations reduced individual sugars by 49% in the second cycle.
- Taxon
- gulupa (Passiflora edulis Sims f. edulis)Passiflora edulis f. edulist0
- Outcome
- individual sugarse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 49%e0
- Setting
- second cyclee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The fluctuations of the climatic variables of precipitation, relative humidity and solar radiation in both cycles (the second rainiest and affected by the ENSO phenomenon) reduced the quality of the fruit (whole fruit firmness by 19%, dry matter and pulp total titratable acidity by 24%, total soluble solids by 8%, individual sugars by 49%, organic acids by 63% and antioxidant capacity by 67%) as well as the productive parameters during the second cycle.”
t0“The climactic conditions limit fruit production and quality in gulupa (Passiflora edulis Sims f. edulis) under integrated fertilization”
Claim · model-written summary
Climatic fluctuations reduced organic acids by 63% in the second cycle.
- Taxon
- gulupa (Passiflora edulis Sims f. edulis)Passiflora edulis f. edulist0
- Outcome
- organic acidse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 63%e0
- Setting
- second cyclee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The fluctuations of the climatic variables of precipitation, relative humidity and solar radiation in both cycles (the second rainiest and affected by the ENSO phenomenon) reduced the quality of the fruit (whole fruit firmness by 19%, dry matter and pulp total titratable acidity by 24%, total soluble solids by 8%, individual sugars by 49%, organic acids by 63% and antioxidant capacity by 67%) as well as the productive parameters during the second cycle.”
t0“The climactic conditions limit fruit production and quality in gulupa (Passiflora edulis Sims f. edulis) under integrated fertilization”
Claim · model-written summary
Climatic fluctuations reduced antioxidant capacity by 67% in the second cycle.
- Taxon
- gulupa (Passiflora edulis Sims f. edulis)Passiflora edulis f. edulist0
- Outcome
- antioxidant capacitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 67%e0
- Setting
- second cyclee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The fluctuations of the climatic variables of precipitation, relative humidity and solar radiation in both cycles (the second rainiest and affected by the ENSO phenomenon) reduced the quality of the fruit (whole fruit firmness by 19%, dry matter and pulp total titratable acidity by 24%, total soluble solids by 8%, individual sugars by 49%, organic acids by 63% and antioxidant capacity by 67%) as well as the productive parameters during the second cycle.”
t0“The climactic conditions limit fruit production and quality in gulupa (Passiflora edulis Sims f. edulis) under integrated fertilization”
Claim · model-written summary
Climatic fluctuations reduced productive parameters in the second cycle.
- Taxon
- gulupa (Passiflora edulis Sims f. edulis)Passiflora edulis f. edulist0
- Outcome
- productive parameterse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Setting
- second cyclee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The fluctuations of the climatic variables of precipitation, relative humidity and solar radiation in both cycles (the second rainiest and affected by the ENSO phenomenon) reduced the quality of the fruit (whole fruit firmness by 19%, dry matter and pulp total titratable acidity by 24%, total soluble solids by 8%, individual sugars by 49%, organic acids by 63% and antioxidant capacity by 67%) as well as the productive parameters during the second cycle.”
t0“The climactic conditions limit fruit production and quality in gulupa (Passiflora edulis Sims f. edulis) under integrated fertilization”
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