Abstract
The impact of the application of the insecticide chlorpyrifos (Lorsban 480 BR, 0.6 l/ha) as well as the possible additional contribution by natural control agents on the management of Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) was evaluated on field maize crop. The randomized complete block design was used with eight treatments (timing of insecticide applications at two-day intervals, beginning two days after artificial infestation with egg mass and finishing 16 days after) in five replications. The leaf damage caused by the pest, measured by a visual scale from 0 (plants without damage) to 5 (dead plant) on those treatments where the insecticide was applied, varied from 0.9 (application at 4 days after infestation) to 1.8 (application at 16 days). On the untreated plots the average damage was 2.0, indicating the presence of natural control organisms in the area. Among such agents were the predator Doru luteipes Scudder, the parasitoids Chelonus insularis (Cresson), Eiphosoma laphygmae Costa Lima, Exasticolus fuscicornis (Cameron), Cotesia marginiventris (Cresson), Campoletis flavicincta (Ashmead), Archytas incertus (Macquart), and Archytas jaennicke (Walker). The occurrence of these natural control agents decreased after insecticide application, probably due to the known high toxicity of the product and low selectivity. On treated plots the grain yield was of 5,839.99 kg/ha compared to a yield of 5,131.67 kg/ha on untreated ones, which represents a difference of 13.8%.
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Claims 4
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorpyrifos-treated maize had leaf damage scores of 0.9 to 1.8 across application times.
- Treatment
- insecticidee0
- Interactor
- Spodoptera frugiperda
.jpg?width=60)
Spodoptera frugiperdat0pest - Outcome
- leaf damagee0
- Direction
- variede0
- Value
- 0.9e0
- Qualifier
- 1.8 (application at 16 days)e0
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The leaf damage caused by the pest, measured by a visual scale from 0 (plants without damage) to 5 (dead plant) on those treatments where the insecticide was applied, varied from 0.9 (application at 4 days after infestation) to 1.8 (application at 16 days).”
t0“Spodoptera frugiperda”
t1“MAIZE”
Claim · model-written summary
Untreated maize plots averaged 2.0 leaf damage, suggesting natural control.
- Interactor
- Spodoptera frugiperdaSpodoptera frugiperdat0pest
- Outcome
- average damagee0
- Value
- 2.0e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“On the untreated plots the average damage was 2.0, indicating the presence of natural control organisms in the area.”
t0“Spodoptera frugiperda”
t1“MAIZE”
Claim · model-written summary
Natural enemy occurrence fell after insecticide application.
- Treatment
- insecticide applicatione0
- Outcome
- occurrence of these natural control agentse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The occurrence of these natural control agents decreased after insecticide application”
t1“MAIZE”
Claim · model-written summary
Treated maize yielded 5,839.99 kg/ha compared with 5,131.67 kg/ha untreated, a 13.8% difference.
- Treatment
- treated plotse0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- differencee0
- Value
- 5,839.99 kg/hae0
- Qualifier
- 5,131.67 kg/hae0
- Comparator
- untreated onese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“On treated plots the grain yield was of 5,839.99 kg/ha compared to a yield of 5,131.67 kg/ha on untreated ones, which represents a difference of 13.8%.”
t1“MAIZE”
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