Paper · 2022 · International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Genome-Scale Investigation of GARP Family Genes Reveals Their Pivotal Roles in Nutrient Stress Resistance in Allotetraploid Rapeseed

Ying-Peng Hua; Peng-Jia Wu; Tian-Yu Zhang; et al.

14
claims
28
verbatim quotes
11
citations
2
research areas
✓
Open access · cc-by

Abstract

The GARP genes are plant-specific transcription factors (TFs) and play key roles in regulating plant development and abiotic stress resistance. However, few systematic analyses of GARPs have been reported in allotetraploid rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) yet. In the present study, a total of 146 BnaGARP members were identified from the rapeseed genome based on the sequence signature. The BnaGARP TFs were divided into five subfamilies: ARR, GLK, NIGT1/HRS1/HHO, KAN, and PHL subfamilies, and the members within the same subfamilies shared similar exon-intron structures and conserved motif configuration. Analyses of the Ka/Ks ratios indicated that the GARP family principally underwent purifying selection. Several cis-acting regulatory elements, essential for plant growth and diverse biotic and abiotic stresses, were identified in the promoter regions of BnaGARPs. Further, 29 putative miRNAs were identified to be targeting BnaGARPs. Differential expression of BnaGARPs under low nitrate, ammonium toxicity, limited phosphate, deficient boron, salt stress, and cadmium toxicity conditions indicated their potential involvement in diverse nutrient stress responses. Notably, BnaA9.HHO1 and BnaA1.HHO5 were simultaneously transcriptionally responsive to these nutrient stresses in both hoots and roots, which indicated that BnaA9.HHO1 and BnaA1.HHO5 might play a core role in regulating rapeseed resistance to nutrient stresses. Therefore, this study would enrich our understanding of molecular characteristics of the rapeseed GARPs and will provide valuable candidate genes for further in-depth study of the GARP-mediated nutrient stress resistance in rapeseed.

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Claims 14

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

146 BnaGARP members were identified from the rapeseed genome.

Taxon
rapeseede0
Gene
BnaGARPe5
Outcome
BnaGARP memberse5
Value
146e5

Verbatim

e0

“allotetraploid rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 208–251 · show in text ↑
e5

“a total of 146 BnaGARP members were identified from the rapeseed genome”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 279–350 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

BnaGARP transcription factors were divided into five subfamilies.

Taxon
rapeseede0
Gene
BnaGARP TFse6
Outcome
subfamiliese6
Value
fivee6

Verbatim

e0

“allotetraploid rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 208–251 · show in text ↑
e6

“The BnaGARP TFs were divided into five subfamilies: ARR, GLK, NIGT1/HRS1/HHO, KAN, and PHL subfamilies”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 384–486 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Members within the same subfamily share similar exon-intron structures and conserved motif configuration.

Taxon
rapeseede0
Outcome
exon-intron structures and conserved motif configuratione7
Qualifier
within the same subfamiliese7

Verbatim

e0

“allotetraploid rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 208–251 · show in text ↑
e7

“the members within the same subfamilies shared similar exon-intron structures and conserved motif configuration”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 492–603 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The GARP family in rapeseed principally underwent purifying selection, as shown by Ka/Ks ratios.

Taxon
rapeseede0
Outcome
Ka/Ks ratiose1
Qualifier
purifying selectione1

Verbatim

e0

“allotetraploid rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 208–251 · show in text ↑
e1

“Analyses of the Ka/Ks ratios indicated that the GARP family principally underwent purifying selection”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 605–706 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Cis-acting regulatory elements were identified in the promoters of BnaGARPs.

Taxon
rapeseede0
Gene
BnaGARPse1
Outcome
cis-acting regulatory elementse1
Qualifier
essential for plant growth and diverse biotic and abiotic stressese1

Verbatim

e0

“allotetraploid rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 208–251 · show in text ↑
e1

“Several cis-acting regulatory elements, essential for plant growth and diverse biotic and abiotic stresses, were identified in the promoter regions of BnaGARPs”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 708–867 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

29 putative miRNAs were identified as targeting BnaGARPs.

Taxon
rapeseede0
Gene
BnaGARPse1
Outcome
putative miRNAse1
Value
29e1

Verbatim

e0

“allotetraploid rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 208–251 · show in text ↑
e1

“Further, 29 putative miRNAs were identified to be targeting BnaGARPs”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 869–937 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectauthor interpretationoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

BnaGARPs showed differential expression under low nitrate, pointing to a possible role in nutrient stress responses.

Taxon
rapeseede0
Treatment
low nitratee1
Gene
BnaGARPse1
Outcome
Differential expression of BnaGARPse1

Not reportedComparatorDirection

Verbatim

e0

“allotetraploid rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 208–251 · show in text ↑
e1

“Differential expression of BnaGARPs under low nitrate, ammonium toxicity, limited phosphate, deficient boron, salt stress, and cadmium toxicity conditions indicated their potential involvement in diverse nutrient stress responses”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 939–1168 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectauthor interpretationoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

BnaGARPs showed differential expression under ammonium toxicity, pointing to a possible role in nutrient stress responses.

Taxon
rapeseede0
Treatment
ammonium toxicitye1
Gene
BnaGARPse1
Outcome
Differential expression of BnaGARPse1

Not reportedComparatorDirection

Verbatim

e0

“allotetraploid rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 208–251 · show in text ↑
e1

“Differential expression of BnaGARPs under low nitrate, ammonium toxicity, limited phosphate, deficient boron, salt stress, and cadmium toxicity conditions indicated their potential involvement in diverse nutrient stress responses”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 939–1168 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectauthor interpretationoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

BnaGARPs showed differential expression under limited phosphate, pointing to a possible role in nutrient stress responses.

Taxon
rapeseede0
Treatment
limited phosphatee1
Gene
BnaGARPse1
Outcome
Differential expression of BnaGARPse1

Not reportedComparatorDirection

Verbatim

e0

“allotetraploid rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 208–251 · show in text ↑
e1

“Differential expression of BnaGARPs under low nitrate, ammonium toxicity, limited phosphate, deficient boron, salt stress, and cadmium toxicity conditions indicated their potential involvement in diverse nutrient stress responses”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 939–1168 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectauthor interpretationoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

BnaGARPs showed differential expression under deficient boron, pointing to a possible role in nutrient stress responses.

Taxon
rapeseede0
Treatment
deficient borone1
Gene
BnaGARPse1
Outcome
Differential expression of BnaGARPse1

Not reportedComparatorDirection

Verbatim

e0

“allotetraploid rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 208–251 · show in text ↑
e1

“Differential expression of BnaGARPs under low nitrate, ammonium toxicity, limited phosphate, deficient boron, salt stress, and cadmium toxicity conditions indicated their potential involvement in diverse nutrient stress responses”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 939–1168 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectauthor interpretationoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

BnaGARPs showed differential expression under salt stress, pointing to a possible role in nutrient stress responses.

Taxon
rapeseede0
Treatment
salt stresse1
Gene
BnaGARPse1
Outcome
Differential expression of BnaGARPse1

Not reportedComparatorDirection

Verbatim

e0

“allotetraploid rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 208–251 · show in text ↑
e1

“Differential expression of BnaGARPs under low nitrate, ammonium toxicity, limited phosphate, deficient boron, salt stress, and cadmium toxicity conditions indicated their potential involvement in diverse nutrient stress responses”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 939–1168 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectauthor interpretationoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

BnaGARPs showed differential expression under cadmium toxicity, pointing to a possible role in nutrient stress responses.

Taxon
rapeseede0
Treatment
cadmium toxicitye1
Gene
BnaGARPse1
Outcome
Differential expression of BnaGARPse1

Not reportedComparatorDirection

Verbatim

e0

“allotetraploid rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 208–251 · show in text ↑
e1

“Differential expression of BnaGARPs under low nitrate, ammonium toxicity, limited phosphate, deficient boron, salt stress, and cadmium toxicity conditions indicated their potential involvement in diverse nutrient stress responses”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 939–1168 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

BnaA9.HHO1 and BnaA1.HHO5 were transcriptionally responsive to nutrient stresses in both shoots and roots.

Taxon
rapeseede0
Organ / stage
hoots and rootse1
Treatment
nutrient stressese1
Gene
BnaA9.HHO1 and BnaA1.HHO5e1
Outcome
transcriptionally responsivee1

Not reportedComparatorDirection

Verbatim

e0

“allotetraploid rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 208–251 · show in text ↑
e1

“Notably, BnaA9.HHO1 and BnaA1.HHO5 were simultaneously transcriptionally responsive to these nutrient stresses in both hoots and roots”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1170–1304 · show in text ↑
Mechanismhypothesisoriginal resultbasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

BnaA9.HHO1 and BnaA1.HHO5 may play a core role in rapeseed resistance to nutrient stresses (hypothesis).

Taxon
rapeseede0
Gene
BnaA9.HHO1 and BnaA1.HHO5e1
Outcome
resistance to nutrient stressese1

Verbatim

e0

“allotetraploid rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 208–251 · show in text ↑
e1

“which indicated that BnaA9.HHO1 and BnaA1.HHO5 might play a core role in regulating rapeseed resistance to nutrient stresses”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1306–1430 · show in text ↑