Abstract
In order to explore the effect of potassium (K) deficiency on nitrogen (N) metabolism in sweet potato ( Ipomoea batatas L.), a hydroponic experiment was conducted with two genotypes (Xushu 32, low-K-tolerant; Ningzishu 1, low-K-sensitive) under two K treatments (−K, <0.03 mM of K + ; +K, 5 mM of K + ) in the greenhouse of Jiangsu Normal University. The results showed that K deficiency decreased root, stem, and leaf biomass by 13%–58% and reduced whole plant biomass by 24%–35%. Compared to +K, the amount of K and K accumulation in sweet potato leaves and roots was significantly decreased by increasing root K + efflux in K-deficiency-treated plants. In addition, leaf K, N, ammonium nitrogen (NH 4 + –N), or nitrate nitrogen (NO 3 − –N) in leaves and roots significantly reduced under K deficiency, and leaf K content had a significant quadratic relationship with soluble protein, NO 3 − –N, or NH 4 + –N in leaves and roots. Under K deficiency, higher glutamate synthase (GOGAT) activity did not increase amino acid synthesis in roots; however, the range of variation in leaves was larger than that in roots with increased amino acid in roots, indicating that the transformation of amino acids into proteins in roots and the amino acid export from roots to leaves were not inhibited. K deficiency decreased the activity of nitrate reductase (NR) and nitrite reductase (NiR), even if the transcription level of NR and NiR increased, decreased, or remained unchanged. The NO 3 − /NH 4 + ratio in leaves and roots under K deficiency decreased, except in Ningzishu 1 leaves. These results indicated that for Ningzishu 1, more NO 3 − was stored under K deficiency in leaves, and the NR and NiR determined the response to K deficiency in leaves. Therefore, the resistance of NR and NiR activities to K deficiency may be a dominant factor that ameliorates the growth between Xushu 32 and Ningzishu 1 with different low-K sensitivities.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
K deficiency reduced root, stem and leaf biomass by 13%–58%.
- Taxon
- sweet potato
_Flower.jpg?width=60)
Ipomoea batatast0 - Treatment
- K deficiencye0
- Outcome
- root, stem, and leaf biomasse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 13%–58%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Flower.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“K deficiency decreased root, stem, and leaf biomass by 13%–58%”
t0“sweet potato”
Claim · model-written summary
K deficiency reduced whole plant biomass by 24%–35%.
- Taxon
- sweet potatoIpomoea batatast0
- Outcome
- whole plant biomasse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 24%–35%e0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reduced whole plant biomass by 24%–35%”
t0“sweet potato”
Claim · model-written summary
K deficiency decreased leaf and root K amount and accumulation relative to +K.
- Taxon
- sweet potatoIpomoea batatast0
- Treatment
- K-deficiency-treated plantse0
- Outcome
- amount of K and K accumulation in sweet potato leaves and rootse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- +Ke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared to +K, the amount of K and K accumulation in sweet potato leaves and roots was significantly decreased by increasing root K + efflux in K-deficiency-treated plants.”
t0“sweet potato”
Claim · model-written summary
K deficiency increased root K efflux.
- Taxon
- sweet potatoIpomoea batatast0
- Treatment
- K-deficiency-treated plantse0
- Outcome
- root K + effluxe0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increasing root K + efflux in K-deficiency-treated plants.”
t0“sweet potato”
Claim · model-written summary
K deficiency lowered leaf and root K, N, ammonium and nitrate nitrogen.
- Taxon
- sweet potatoIpomoea batatast0
- Treatment
- K deficiencye0
- Outcome
- leaf K, N, ammonium nitrogen (NH 4 + –N), or nitrate nitrogen (NO 3 − –N) in leaves and rootse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“leaf K, N, ammonium nitrogen (NH 4 + –N), or nitrate nitrogen (NO 3 − –N) in leaves and roots significantly reduced under K deficiency”
t0“sweet potato”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf K content had a significant quadratic relation with soluble protein, nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen.
- Taxon
- sweet potatoIpomoea batatast0
- Organ / stage
- leaves and rootse0
- Compound
- soluble protein, NO 3 − –N, or NH 4 + –Ne0
- Outcome
- leaf K contente0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“leaf K content had a significant quadratic relationship with soluble protein, NO 3 − –N, or NH 4 + –N in leaves and roots.”
t0“sweet potato”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher GOGAT activity did not increase root amino acid synthesis under K deficiency.
- Taxon
- sweet potatoIpomoea batatast0
- Treatment
- K deficiencye0
- Gene
- glutamate synthase (GOGAT)e0
- Outcome
- amino acid synthesis in rootse0
- Direction
- did not increasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under K deficiency, higher glutamate synthase (GOGAT) activity did not increase amino acid synthesis in roots”
t0“sweet potato”
Claim · model-written summary
Amino acid content increased in roots under K deficiency.
- Taxon
- sweet potatoIpomoea batatast0
- Outcome
- amino acid in rootse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with increased amino acid in roots”
t0“sweet potato”
Claim · model-written summary
K deficiency decreased nitrate reductase activity.
- Taxon
- sweet potatoIpomoea batatast0
- Treatment
- K deficiencye0
- Gene
- nitrate reductase (NR)e0
- Outcome
- activity of nitrate reductase (NR)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“K deficiency decreased the activity of nitrate reductase (NR) and nitrite reductase (NiR)”
t0“sweet potato”
Claim · model-written summary
K deficiency decreased nitrite reductase activity.
- Taxon
- sweet potatoIpomoea batatast0
- Treatment
- K deficiencye0
- Gene
- nitrite reductase (NiR)e0
- Outcome
- nitrite reductase (NiR)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“K deficiency decreased the activity of nitrate reductase (NR) and nitrite reductase (NiR)”
t0“sweet potato”
Claim · model-written summary
NR and NiR transcript levels could increase, decrease or remain unchanged despite reduced enzyme activity.
- Taxon
- sweet potatoIpomoea batatast0
- Outcome
- transcription level of NR and NiRe0
- Direction
- increased, decreased, or remained unchangede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“even if the transcription level of NR and NiR increased, decreased, or remained unchanged.”
t0“sweet potato”
Claim · model-written summary
K deficiency decreased leaf and root nitrate to ammonium ratio except in Ningzishu 1 leaves.
- Taxon
- sweet potatoIpomoea batatast0
- Treatment
- K deficiencye0
- Outcome
- NO 3 − /NH 4 + ratio in leaves and rootse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- except in Ningzishu 1 leavese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The NO 3 − /NH 4 + ratio in leaves and roots under K deficiency decreased, except in Ningzishu 1 leaves.”
t0“sweet potato”
Claim · model-written summary
Ningzishu 1 stored more leaf nitrate under K deficiency.
- Taxon
- sweet potatoIpomoea batatast0
- Material
- Ningzishu 1e0
- Treatment
- K deficiencye0
- Outcome
- NO 3 − was stored under K deficiency in leavese0
- Direction
- moree0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“for Ningzishu 1, more NO 3 − was stored under K deficiency in leaves”
t0“sweet potato”
Claim · model-written summary
NR and NiR activity resistance may explain growth differences between the two genotypes.
- Taxon
- sweet potatoIpomoea batatast0
- Gene
- NR and NiRe0
- Outcome
- growth between Xushu 32 and Ningzishu 1e0
- Qualifier
- may be a dominant factore0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the resistance of NR and NiR activities to K deficiency may be a dominant factor that ameliorates the growth between Xushu 32 and Ningzishu 1 with different low-K sensitivities.”
t0“sweet potato”
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