Abstract
Using plant defense elicitors to protect crops against diseases is an attractive strategy to reduce chemical pesticide use. However, development of elicitors remains limited because of variable effectiveness in the field. In contrast to fungicides that directly target pathogens, elicitors activate plant immunity, which depends on plant physiological status. Other products, the biostimulants, can improve certain functions of plants. In this study, the objective was to determine whether a biostimulant via effects on grapevine physiology could increase effectiveness of a defense elicitor. A new methodology was developed to study biostimulant activity under controlled conditions using in vitro plantlets. Both biostimulant and defense elicitor used in the study were plant extracts. When added to the culture medium, the biostimulant accelerated the beginning of plantlet growth and affected the shoot and root development. It also modified metabolomes and phytohormone contents of leaves, stems, and roots. When applied on shoots, the defense elicitor changed metabolite and phytohormone contents, but effects were different depending on whether plantlets were biostimulated or controls. Defense responses and protection against Plasmopara viticola (downy mildew agent) were induced only for plantlets previously treated with the biostimulant, Therefore, the biostimulant may act by priming the defense elicitor action. In this study, a new method to screen biostimulants active on grapevine vegetative growth was used to demonstrate that a biostimulant can optimize the efficiency of a plant defense elicitor.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
The biostimulant accelerated the start of grapevine plantlet growth in vitro.
VitisNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Biostimulation can prime elicitor induced resistance of grapevine leaves to downy mildew”
e1“When added to the culture medium, the biostimulant accelerated the beginning of plantlet growth and affected the shoot and root development”
Claim · model-written summary
The biostimulant affected shoot and root development of grapevine plantlets in vitro.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Biostimulation can prime elicitor induced resistance of grapevine leaves to downy mildew”
e1“When added to the culture medium, the biostimulant accelerated the beginning of plantlet growth and affected the shoot and root development”
Claim · model-written summary
The biostimulant modified metabolomes and phytohormone contents of grapevine leaves, stems and roots.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Biostimulation can prime elicitor induced resistance of grapevine leaves to downy mildew”
e2“It also modified metabolomes and phytohormone contents of leaves, stems, and roots”
Claim · model-written summary
The defense elicitor changed metabolite and phytohormone contents differently in biostimulated plantlets than in controls.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Biostimulation can prime elicitor induced resistance of grapevine leaves to downy mildew”
e3“When applied on shoots, the defense elicitor changed metabolite and phytohormone contents, but effects were different depending on whether plantlets were biostimulated or controls”
Claim · model-written summary
Defense responses and protection against Plasmopara viticola were induced only in plantlets pretreated with the biostimulant.
- Treatment
- the biostimulante4
- Interactor
- Plasmopara viticola
Plasmopara viticolae4pathogen - Outcome
- Defense responses and protection against Plasmopara viticolae4
- Direction
- inducede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Biostimulation can prime elicitor induced resistance of grapevine leaves to downy mildew”
e4“Defense responses and protection against Plasmopara viticola (downy mildew agent) were induced only for plantlets previously treated with the biostimulant”
Claim · model-written summary
The biostimulant may act by priming the action of the defense elicitor (hypothesis).
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Biostimulation can prime elicitor induced resistance of grapevine leaves to downy mildew”
e5“Therefore, the biostimulant may act by priming the defense elicitor action”
Claim · model-written summary
The biostimulant optimized the efficiency of a plant defense elicitor in grapevine.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Biostimulation can prime elicitor induced resistance of grapevine leaves to downy mildew”
e6“a biostimulant can optimize the efficiency of a plant defense elicitor”
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See all 21 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.