Abstract
Phytoremediation assisted with plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) is a green technology to remediate metal contaminated soils. Plants usually produce secondary metabolites to tolerate metal toxicity. Present study was designed to explore the phytoremediation potential of Vigna radiata var. NM-II in the presence of metal resistant PGPB and comparison of metabolites produced under heavy metal stresses (Pb, Ni, Cr). Three PGPB selected for present study include Bacillus pumilus MB246, Serratia nematodiphila MB307 and Delftia Lacustris MB322. Pot experiments were conducted with inoculated V. radiata NM-II seeds grown in soil artificially contaminated with lead (Pb), Nickle (Ni) and chromium (Cr) at a concentration of 300, 200 and 100 mg/kg respectively. After harvesting various growth parameters were studied (root length, shoot length, fresh weight and dry weight). Bacterial colonization on root surfaces of harvested plants was observed through Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Elemental composition was recorded through Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) attached with SEM. Metabolic response of harvested plants was studied through Gas chromatography Mass spectrophotometry (GC-MS) analysis. Metal accumulation in roots, shoots and soil was analysed by acid digestion method from which Bioaccumulation factor (BF) and Translocation factor (TF) of metal from soil to plant was calculated. Results revealed stimulatory effect of PGPB on growth and phytoextraction ability of V. radiata. Soil metal removal efficiency was in the order Pb>Ni>Cr, whereas metal distribution in each part of plant was root>stem>leaf. The BF and TF values suggested V. radiata as Pb and Ni excluder while moderate accumulator for Cr. Elemental analysis through Energy Dispersive X- ray spectroscopy (EDX) found potassium (K+)and calcium (Ca+)as highly abundant nutrients with least accumulation of sulphur (S). Metabolites study through GC-MS revealed variety of compounds (carbohydrates, amino acids, fatty acids, steroids etc) detected differentially under each metal treatment and their concentration was influenced by different bacterial inoculations. Overall 9-Octadecenamide was found as commonly present lipid compound in most of the treatments which is required for detoxification in plants. The study concluded beneficial role of PGPB for successful phytoremediation of heavy metals and differential response of metabolites towards each metal stress that is related to metal tolerance ability of V. radiata.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Plant growth promoting bacteria stimulated V. radiata growth.
- Taxon
- V. radiata
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Vigna radiatae0 - Treatment
- PGPBe0
- Interactor
- PGPBe0symbiont
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- stimulatorye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Results revealed stimulatory effect of PGPB on growth and phytoextraction ability of V. radiata.”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant growth promoting bacteria stimulated V. radiata phytoextraction.
- Taxon
- V. radiataVigna radiatae0
- Treatment
- PGPBe0
- Interactor
- PGPBe0symbiont
- Outcome
- phytoextraction abilitye0
- Direction
- stimulatorye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results revealed stimulatory effect of PGPB on growth and phytoextraction ability of V. radiata.”
Claim · model-written summary
Metal removal efficiency was highest for Pb, followed by Ni and Cr.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiata var. NM-IIVigna radiatae1
- Outcome
- Soil metal removal efficiencye0
- Qualifier
- Pb>Ni>Cre0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil metal removal efficiency was in the order Pb>Ni>Cr”
e1“Vigna radiata var. NM-II”
Claim · model-written summary
Metal accumulation in Vigna radiata was greatest in roots, followed by stems and leaves.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiata var. NM-IIVigna radiatae1
- Outcome
- metal distribution in each part of plante0
- Qualifier
- root>stem>leafe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“metal distribution in each part of plant was root>stem>leaf”
e1“Vigna radiata var. NM-II”
Claim · model-written summary
Bioaccumulation and translocation factors characterized V. radiata as a Pb and Ni excluder.
- Taxon
- V. radiataVigna radiatae0
- Outcome
- Pb and Ni excludere0
- Qualifier
- BF and TF valuese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The BF and TF values suggested V. radiata as Pb and Ni excluder while moderate accumulator for Cr.”
Claim · model-written summary
Bioaccumulation and translocation factors characterized V. radiata as a moderate Cr accumulator.
- Taxon
- V. radiataVigna radiatae0
- Outcome
- moderate accumulator for Cre0
- Qualifier
- BF and TF valuese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The BF and TF values suggested V. radiata as Pb and Ni excluder while moderate accumulator for Cr.”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium and calcium were abundant nutrients in the plant elemental analysis.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiata var. NM-IIVigna radiatae1
- Outcome
- potassium (K+)and calcium (Ca+)e0
- Direction
- highly abundante0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Elemental analysis through Energy Dispersive X- ray spectroscopy (EDX) found potassium (K+)and calcium (Ca+)as highly abundant nutrients with least accumulation of sulphur (S).”
e1“Vigna radiata var. NM-II”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulphur had the least accumulation in the plant elemental analysis.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiata var. NM-IIVigna radiatae1
- Outcome
- accumulation of sulphur (S)e0
- Direction
- leaste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Elemental analysis through Energy Dispersive X- ray spectroscopy (EDX) found potassium (K+)and calcium (Ca+)as highly abundant nutrients with least accumulation of sulphur (S).”
e1“Vigna radiata var. NM-II”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbohydrates, amino acids, fatty acids and steroids were detected differentially under metal treatments.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiata var. NM-IIVigna radiatae1
- Treatment
- each metal treatmente0
- Outcome
- compounds (carbohydrates, amino acids, fatty acids, steroids etc)e0
- Direction
- differentiallye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Metabolites study through GC-MS revealed variety of compounds (carbohydrates, amino acids, fatty acids, steroids etc) detected differentially under each metal treatment”
e1“Vigna radiata var. NM-II”
Claim · model-written summary
Metabolite concentrations were influenced by bacterial inoculations.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiata var. NM-IIVigna radiatae1
- Treatment
- different bacterial inoculationse0
- Outcome
- concentratione0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“their concentration was influenced by different bacterial inoculations”
e1“Vigna radiata var. NM-II”
Claim · model-written summary
9-Octadecenamide occurred in most treatments.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiata var. NM-IIVigna radiatae1
- Outcome
- 9-Octadecenamidee0
- Qualifier
- most of the treatmentse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Overall 9-Octadecenamide was found as commonly present lipid compound in most of the treatments”
e1“Vigna radiata var. NM-II”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors link 9-Octadecenamide with plant detoxification.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiata var. NM-IIVigna radiatae1
- Compound
- 9-Octadecenamidee0
- Outcome
- detoxification in plantse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“9-Octadecenamide was found as commonly present lipid compound in most of the treatments which is required for detoxification in plants”
e1“Vigna radiata var. NM-II”
The same questions in other papers
inoculation · growth · Vigna radiata (mung bean)Positive and negative results
117 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- negative
- negative
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