Abstract
Rhizosphere microbes play a vital role in plant health and defense against soil-borne diseases. Previous studies showed that maize-soybean relay strip intercropping altered the diversity and composition of pathogenic Fusarium species and biocontrol fungal communities in the soybean rhizosphere, and significantly suppressed soybean root rot. However, whether the rhizosphere bacterial community participates in the regulation of this intercropping on soybean root rot is not clear. In this study, the rhizosphere soil of soybean healthy plants was collected in the continuous cropping of maize-soybean relay strip intercropping and soybean monoculture in the fields, and the integrated methods of microbial profiling, dual culture assays in vitro , and pot experiments were employed to systematically investigate the diversity, composition, and function of rhizosphere bacteria related to soybean root rot in two cropping patterns. We found that intercropping reshaped the rhizosphere bacterial community and increased microbial community diversity, and meanwhile, it also recruited much richer and more diverse species of Pseudomonas sp., Bacillus sp., Streptomyces sp., and Microbacterium sp. in soybean rhizosphere when compared with monoculture. From the intercropping, nine species of rhizosphere bacteria displayed good antagonism against the pathogen Fusarium oxysporum B3S1 of soybean root rot, and among them, IRHB3 ( Pseudomonas chlororaphis ), IRHB6 ( Streptomyces ), and IRHB9 ( Bacillus ) were the dominant bacteria and extraordinarily rich. In contrast, MRHB108 ( Streptomyces virginiae ) and MRHB205 ( Bacillus subtilis ) were the only antagonistic bacteria from monoculture, which were relatively poor in abundance. Interestingly, introducing IRHB3 into the cultured substrates not only significantly promoted the growth and development of soybean roots but also improved the survival rate of seedlings that suffered from F. oxysporum infection. Thus, this study proves that maize-soybean relay strip intercropping could help the host resist soil-borne Fusarium root rot by reshaping the rhizosphere bacterial community and driving more beneficial microorganisms to accumulate in the soybean rhizosphere.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping increased microbial community diversity and reshaped the rhizosphere bacterial community.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- intercroppinge1
- Interactor
- rhizosphere bacterial communitye1symbiont
- Outcome
- microbial community diversitye1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Fusarium root rot of soybean”
e1“We found that intercropping reshaped the rhizosphere bacterial community and increased microbial community diversity”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping recruited richer and more diverse rhizosphere bacteria than monoculture in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- intercroppinge1
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas sp.
Pseudomonase2symbiont - Second interactor
- Bacillus sp.e2symbiont
- Outcome
- richer and more diverse speciese2
- Direction
- richere2
- Qualifier
- Pseudomonas sp., Bacillus sp., Streptomyces sp., and Microbacterium sp.e2
- Comparator
- monoculturee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Fusarium root rot of soybean”
e1“We found that intercropping reshaped the rhizosphere bacterial community and increased microbial community diversity”
e2“it also recruited much richer and more diverse species of Pseudomonas sp., Bacillus sp., Streptomyces sp., and Microbacterium sp. in soybean rhizosphere when compared with monoculture”
Claim · model-written summary
Nine rhizosphere bacterial species showed good antagonism against Fusarium oxysporum B3S1 in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporum B3S1
_(Fusarium_oxysporum_f.sp._batatas)_1234227-PPT-Clemson_University.jpg?width=60)
Fusarium oxysporume1pathogen - Second interactor
- nine species of rhizosphere bacteriae1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- antagonisme1
- Qualifier
- goode1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_(Fusarium_oxysporum_f.sp._batatas)_1234227-PPT-Clemson_University.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Fusarium root rot of soybean”
e1“nine species of rhizosphere bacteria displayed good antagonism against the pathogen Fusarium oxysporum B3S1 of soybean root rot”
Claim · model-written summary
IRHB3 (Pseudomonas chlororaphis), IRHB6 and IRHB9 were the dominant rhizosphere bacteria and extraordinarily rich.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas chlororaphisPseudomonas chlororaphise1symbiont
- Outcome
- dominant bacteriae1
- Qualifier
- extraordinarily riche1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Fusarium root rot of soybean”
e1“IRHB3 ( Pseudomonas chlororaphis ), IRHB6 ( Streptomyces ), and IRHB9 ( Bacillus ) were the dominant bacteria and extraordinarily rich”
Claim · model-written summary
MRHB108 (Streptomyces virginiae) and MRHB205 (Bacillus subtilis) were the only antagonistic bacteria from monoculture and were relatively poor in abundance.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Interactor
- Streptomyces virginiaeStreptomyces virginiaee1biocontrol_agent
- Second interactor
- Bacillus subtilis
Bacillus subtilise1biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- antagonistic bacteria from monoculturee1
- Qualifier
- relatively poor in abundancee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Fusarium root rot of soybean”
e1“MRHB108 ( Streptomyces virginiae ) and MRHB205 ( Bacillus subtilis ) were the only antagonistic bacteria from monoculture, which were relatively poor in abundance”
Claim · model-written summary
Introducing IRHB3 into the cultured substrates significantly promoted growth and development of soybean roots.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- introducing IRHB3 into the cultured substratese1
- Interactor
- IRHB3e1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- growth and development of soybean rootse1
- Direction
- promotede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“introducing IRHB3 into the cultured substrates not only significantly promoted the growth and development of soybean roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Introducing IRHB3 improved the survival rate of soybean seedlings infected with Fusarium oxysporum.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- introducing IRHB3 into the cultured substratese2
- Interactor
- F. oxysporumFusarium oxysporume1pathogen
- Second interactor
- IRHB3e2biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- survival ratee1
- Direction
- improvede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Fusarium root rot of soybean”
e1“improved the survival rate of seedlings that suffered from F. oxysporum infection”
e2“introducing IRHB3 into the cultured substrates not only significantly promoted the growth and development of soybean roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping helped soybean resist Fusarium root rot by reshaping the rhizosphere bacterial community.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- maize-soybean relay strip intercroppinge1
- Outcome
- soil-borne Fusarium root rote1
- Direction
- resiste1
- Qualifier
- by reshaping the rhizosphere bacterial communitye1
FusariumNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Fusarium root rot of soybean”
e1“this study proves that maize-soybean relay strip intercropping could help the host resist soil-borne Fusarium root rot by reshaping the rhizosphere bacterial community”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.