Abstract
Cyperus esculentus L. var. sativus Boeck (commonly called Chufa) is a perennial species that produces nutritious underground tubers and contributes to the diet and health of human worldwide. However, it is salt-sensitive and its adaptation to salinity stress remains an enigma. Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) plays a vital role in regulating plant salt stress tolerance. Thus, we aimed to investigate the impact of NAA (150 mg/L) application on growth and physio-biochemical response mechanisms of Chufa plants to different levels of salinity stress (0-, 90-, and 180 mM of alkaline stress ([1:1 ratio of Na 2 CO 3 and NaHCO 3 ]). In response to increasing stress levels, shoot-root growth decreased, whereas malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), osmolytes (soluble protein, proline, and soluble sugars), and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) significantly increased. Alkalinity led to significant increase in Na + and Cl – , but decrease in Mg 2+ concentration in both roots and leaves; however, K + decreased significantly in leaves under both stresses. Additionally, NO3− and. levels, nitrate reductase (NR) activities, and glutamate synthase (GOGAT) decreased significantly. However, glutamine synthetase (GS) increased non-significantly at 90 mM but declined at 180 mM. Foliar NAA application reduced Na + and Cl - , MDA, and H 2 O 2 but increased photosynthetic pigments, K + and Mg 2+ , osmolytes, nitrogen (N) metabolism, and upregulating the enzymatic antioxidant system to reduce oxidative stress under alkaline conditions. Hence, our findings manifest that NAA application is an effective strategy that can be utilized to enhance tolerance of chufa plants to alkaline stress. Future studies should explore whether NAA can positively alter the nutrient composition of chufa tubers at deeper molecular levels, which might offer solutions to nutritious problems in developing countries.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot-root growth of chufa decreased as alkaline stress levels increased.
- Taxon
- Cyperus esculentus L. var. sativus Boeck
Cyperus esculentus var. sativust0 - Treatment
- increasing stress levelse1
- Outcome
- shoot-root growthe1
- Direction
- decreasede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“In response to increasing stress levels, shoot-root growth decreased, whereas malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), osmolytes (soluble protein, proline, and soluble sugars), and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) significantly increased”
t0“Cyperus esculentus L. var. sativus Boeck”
Claim · model-written summary
Malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide increased significantly as stress levels increased.
- Taxon
- Cyperus esculentus L. var. sativus BoeckCyperus esculentus var. sativust0
- Treatment
- increasing stress levelse1
- Outcome
- malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 )e1
- Direction
- increasede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“In response to increasing stress levels, shoot-root growth decreased, whereas malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), osmolytes (soluble protein, proline, and soluble sugars), and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) significantly increased”
t0“Cyperus esculentus L. var. sativus Boeck”
Claim · model-written summary
Osmolytes increased significantly as stress levels increased.
- Taxon
- Cyperus esculentus L. var. sativus BoeckCyperus esculentus var. sativust0
- Treatment
- increasing stress levelse1
- Outcome
- osmolytes (soluble protein, proline, and soluble sugars)e1
- Direction
- increasede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“In response to increasing stress levels, shoot-root growth decreased, whereas malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), osmolytes (soluble protein, proline, and soluble sugars), and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) significantly increased”
t0“Cyperus esculentus L. var. sativus Boeck”
Claim · model-written summary
Activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase increased significantly as stress levels increased.
- Taxon
- Cyperus esculentus L. var. sativus BoeckCyperus esculentus var. sativust0
- Treatment
- increasing stress levelse1
- Outcome
- activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT)e1
- Direction
- increasede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“In response to increasing stress levels, shoot-root growth decreased, whereas malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), osmolytes (soluble protein, proline, and soluble sugars), and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) significantly increased”
t0“Cyperus esculentus L. var. sativus Boeck”
Claim · model-written summary
Under alkaline stress, Na+ and Cl- increased significantly in roots and leaves.
- Taxon
- Cyperus esculentus L. var. sativus BoeckCyperus esculentus var. sativust0
- Organ / stage
- roots and leavese0
- Treatment
- Alkalinitye0
- Outcome
- Na + and Cl –e0
- Direction
- increasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Alkalinity led to significant increase in Na + and Cl – , but decrease in Mg 2+ concentration in both roots and leaves; however, K + decreased significantly in leaves under both stresses”
t0“Cyperus esculentus L. var. sativus Boeck”
Claim · model-written summary
Under alkaline stress, Mg2+ concentration decreased in roots and leaves.
- Taxon
- Cyperus esculentus L. var. sativus BoeckCyperus esculentus var. sativust0
- Organ / stage
- roots and leavese0
- Treatment
- Alkalinitye0
- Outcome
- Mg 2+ concentratione0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Alkalinity led to significant increase in Na + and Cl – , but decrease in Mg 2+ concentration in both roots and leaves; however, K + decreased significantly in leaves under both stresses”
t0“Cyperus esculentus L. var. sativus Boeck”
Claim · model-written summary
Under alkaline stress, leaf K+ decreased significantly.
- Taxon
- Cyperus esculentus L. var. sativus BoeckCyperus esculentus var. sativust0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- Alkalinitye0
- Outcome
- K +e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Alkalinity led to significant increase in Na + and Cl – , but decrease in Mg 2+ concentration in both roots and leaves; however, K + decreased significantly in leaves under both stresses”
t0“Cyperus esculentus L. var. sativus Boeck”
Claim · model-written summary
Under alkaline stress, nitrate reductase activity, glutamate synthase and the NO3- level decreased significantly (the NO3- item is garbled in the abstract).
- Taxon
- Cyperus esculentus L. var. sativus BoeckCyperus esculentus var. sativust0
- Treatment
- Alkalinitye1
- Outcome
- NO3− and. levels, nitrate reductase (NR) activities, and glutamate synthase (GOGAT)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Schema note from the model: The NO3- item is garbled in the source ("NO3− and. levels"); the claim keeps the three items as printed.
Verbatim
e0“Additionally, NO3− and. levels, nitrate reductase (NR) activities, and glutamate synthase (GOGAT) decreased significantly”
e1“Alkalinity led to significant increase in Na + and Cl – , but decrease in Mg 2+ concentration in both roots and leaves; however, K + decreased significantly in leaves under both stresses”
t0“Cyperus esculentus L. var. sativus Boeck”
Claim · model-written summary
Glutamine synthetase increased non-significantly at 90 mM alkaline stress.
- Taxon
- Cyperus esculentus L. var. sativus BoeckCyperus esculentus var. sativust0
- Treatment
- 90 mMe0
- Outcome
- glutamine synthetase (GS)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“However, glutamine synthetase (GS) increased non-significantly at 90 mM but declined at 180 mM”
t0“Cyperus esculentus L. var. sativus Boeck”
Claim · model-written summary
Glutamine synthetase declined at 180 mM alkaline stress.
- Taxon
- Cyperus esculentus L. var. sativus BoeckCyperus esculentus var. sativust0
- Treatment
- 180 mMe0
- Outcome
- glutamine synthetase (GS)e0
- Direction
- declinede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“However, glutamine synthetase (GS) increased non-significantly at 90 mM but declined at 180 mM”
t0“Cyperus esculentus L. var. sativus Boeck”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar NAA reduced Na+ and Cl- under alkaline conditions.
- Taxon
- Cyperus esculentus L. var. sativus BoeckCyperus esculentus var. sativust0
- Treatment
- Foliar NAA applicatione0
- Outcome
- Na + and Cl -e0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- under alkaline conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar NAA application reduced Na + and Cl - , MDA, and H 2 O 2 but increased photosynthetic pigments, K + and Mg 2+ , osmolytes, nitrogen (N) metabolism, and upregulating the enzymatic antioxidant system to reduce oxidative stress under alkaline conditions”
t0“Cyperus esculentus L. var. sativus Boeck”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar NAA reduced malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide under alkaline conditions.
- Taxon
- Cyperus esculentus L. var. sativus BoeckCyperus esculentus var. sativust0
- Treatment
- Foliar NAA applicatione0
- Outcome
- MDA, and H 2 O 2e0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- under alkaline conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar NAA application reduced Na + and Cl - , MDA, and H 2 O 2 but increased photosynthetic pigments, K + and Mg 2+ , osmolytes, nitrogen (N) metabolism, and upregulating the enzymatic antioxidant system to reduce oxidative stress under alkaline conditions”
t0“Cyperus esculentus L. var. sativus Boeck”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar NAA increased photosynthetic pigments, K+ and Mg2+ under alkaline conditions.
- Taxon
- Cyperus esculentus L. var. sativus BoeckCyperus esculentus var. sativust0
- Treatment
- Foliar NAA applicatione0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic pigments, K + and Mg 2+e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- under alkaline conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar NAA application reduced Na + and Cl - , MDA, and H 2 O 2 but increased photosynthetic pigments, K + and Mg 2+ , osmolytes, nitrogen (N) metabolism, and upregulating the enzymatic antioxidant system to reduce oxidative stress under alkaline conditions”
t0“Cyperus esculentus L. var. sativus Boeck”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar NAA increased osmolytes under alkaline conditions.
- Taxon
- Cyperus esculentus L. var. sativus BoeckCyperus esculentus var. sativust0
- Treatment
- Foliar NAA applicatione0
- Outcome
- osmolytese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- under alkaline conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar NAA application reduced Na + and Cl - , MDA, and H 2 O 2 but increased photosynthetic pigments, K + and Mg 2+ , osmolytes, nitrogen (N) metabolism, and upregulating the enzymatic antioxidant system to reduce oxidative stress under alkaline conditions”
t0“Cyperus esculentus L. var. sativus Boeck”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar NAA increased nitrogen metabolism under alkaline conditions.
- Taxon
- Cyperus esculentus L. var. sativus BoeckCyperus esculentus var. sativust0
- Treatment
- Foliar NAA applicatione0
- Outcome
- nitrogen (N) metabolisme0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- under alkaline conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar NAA application reduced Na + and Cl - , MDA, and H 2 O 2 but increased photosynthetic pigments, K + and Mg 2+ , osmolytes, nitrogen (N) metabolism, and upregulating the enzymatic antioxidant system to reduce oxidative stress under alkaline conditions”
t0“Cyperus esculentus L. var. sativus Boeck”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar NAA upregulated the enzymatic antioxidant system under alkaline conditions.
- Taxon
- Cyperus esculentus L. var. sativus BoeckCyperus esculentus var. sativust0
- Treatment
- Foliar NAA applicatione0
- Outcome
- enzymatic antioxidant systeme0
- Direction
- upregulatinge0
- Qualifier
- under alkaline conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar NAA application reduced Na + and Cl - , MDA, and H 2 O 2 but increased photosynthetic pigments, K + and Mg 2+ , osmolytes, nitrogen (N) metabolism, and upregulating the enzymatic antioxidant system to reduce oxidative stress under alkaline conditions”
t0“Cyperus esculentus L. var. sativus Boeck”
Claim · model-written summary
NAA application is an effective strategy to enhance tolerance of chufa plants to alkaline stress.
Verbatim
e0“Hence, our findings manifest that NAA application is an effective strategy that can be utilized to enhance tolerance of chufa plants to alkaline stress”
t0“Cyperus esculentus L. var. sativus Boeck”
The same questions in other papers
application · physiology: osmolytes · Cyperus esculentusResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
application · physiology: oxidative · Cyperus esculentusResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.