Abstract
Abstract Composts of corn ( Zea mays L.), eastern hemlock [ Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr.], and sugar maple ( Acer saccharum Marsh.) were each used as the medium for container-grown hemlocks, sugar maples, and rhododendrons ( Rhododendron catawbiense Michx.) over a 3-year period. Corn compost was high in available nutrients and the unamended hemlock and maple composts were relatively low in nutrients. No vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza (VAM) development was observed in a corn plant bioassay of corn compost while a moderate development was found in the hemlock compost and a high development found in the maple compost. Sugar maples showed the greatest plant growth and incidence of VA mycorrhizae in maple compost and also showed a positive growth response to fertilizer. Corn compost was lethal to 50% of the maples and produced a retarded growth and very low incidence of VAM in the survivors. Hemlocks showed the greatest plant growth and incidence of ectomycorrhizae in either unfertilized hemlock compost or unfertilized maple compost. A significant retarded growth response to fertilizer was found with hemlocks. Rhododendrons showed the greatest growth in corn compost and the fertilized composts. A negative correlation was found between growth and the incidence of ericoid mycorrhizae in rhododendrons. Differences in compost effects upon plant growth were probably due to differences in the content of plant nutrients and in the type and quantity of mycorrhizal propagules.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Corn compost was high in available nutrients.
- Outcome
- available nutrientse0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Corn compost was high in available nutrients”
Claim · model-written summary
Hemlock and maple composts were relatively low in nutrients.
- Outcome
- nutrientse0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“unamended hemlock and maple composts were relatively low in nutrients”
Claim · model-written summary
Corn compost showed no VAM development in a corn plant bioassay.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse0 - Treatment
- corn composte0
- Outcome
- No vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza (VAM) developmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza (VAM) development was observed in a corn plant bioassay of corn compost”
Claim · model-written summary
Maple compost gave sugar maples greatest growth and VA mycorrhiza incidence.
- Taxon
- Sugar maples
Acer saccharume0 - Treatment
- maple composte0
- Outcome
- plant growth and incidence of VA mycorrhizaee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sugar maples showed the greatest plant growth and incidence of VA mycorrhizae in maple compost”
Claim · model-written summary
Sugar maples responded positively to fertilizer.
- Taxon
- Sugar maplesAcer saccharume0
- Treatment
- fertilizere0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- positivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sugar maples showed the greatest plant growth and incidence of VA mycorrhizae in maple compost and also showed a positive growth response to fertilizer.”
Claim · model-written summary
Corn compost killed 50% of sugar maples.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“Corn compost was lethal to 50% of the maples”
Claim · model-written summary
Corn compost retarded growth and lowered VAM incidence in surviving maples.
- Taxon
- maplese0
- Treatment
- Corn composte0
- Outcome
- growth and very low incidence of VAMe0
- Direction
- retardede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Corn compost was lethal to 50% of the maples and produced a retarded growth and very low incidence of VAM in the survivors”
Claim · model-written summary
Hemlocks had greatest growth and ectomycorrhiza incidence in unfertilized hemlock or maple compost.
- Treatment
- unfertilized hemlock compost or unfertilized maple composte0
- Outcome
- plant growth and incidence of ectomycorrhizaee0
TsugaOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Hemlocks showed the greatest plant growth and incidence of ectomycorrhizae in either unfertilized hemlock compost or unfertilized maple compost”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer significantly retarded hemlock growth.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A significant retarded growth response to fertilizer was found with hemlocks”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhododendrons grew best in corn compost and fertilized composts.
- Taxon
- Rhododendrons
Rhododendrone0 - Treatment
- corn compost and the fertilized compostse0
- Outcome
- growthe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rhododendrons showed the greatest growth in corn compost and the fertilized composts”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhododendron growth was negatively correlated with ericoid mycorrhiza incidence.
- Taxon
- rhododendronsRhododendrone0
- Interactor
- ericoid mycorrhizaee0symbiont
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- negativee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A negative correlation was found between growth and the incidence of ericoid mycorrhizae in rhododendrons”
The same questions in other papers
fertilization · growth · Acer saccharum (sugar maple)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.