Abstract
A vegetable’s high antinutrients, nitrate (NO3−) and oxalate, could be remediated by neem seed extract. The combined use of neem seed extract with mineral fertilizer and cricket frass was conducted to evaluate their effects on amaranth’s tissue NO3− and oxalic acid contents by inhibiting nitrification. The effects of five soil amendments were investigated: unamended, mineral fertilizer, and three rates of cricket frass (3.125 Mg ha−1, 6.25 Mg ha−1, and 12.5 Mg ha−1), combined with two rates of neem seed extract: without (−Nm) and with (+Nm) extract. Only the neem extract applied to soils receiving mineral fertilizers decreased soil tissue NO3−−N contents (0.82 g kg−1 for −Nm vs. 0.62 g kg−1 for +Nm). The oxalic acid content of amaranth decreased with mineral fertilizer (0.60 and 0.46 g kg−1 for −Nm and +Nm, respectively), yet increased with the higher rates of cricket frass (1.42–1.52 g kg−1 for −Nm, and 1.23–1.51 g kg−1 for +Nm) compared to the unamended soil (1.05 and 1.00 g kg−1 for −Nm and +Nm). Cations, including K, Ca, Mg, and Na derived from cricket frass, may enhance biosynthesis and the accumulation of oxalic acid. The neem seed extract decreased the tissue’s oxalic contents regardless of soil amendments.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Neem extract lowered reported soil tissue nitrate nitrogen only in mineral-fertilized soils, from 0.82 to 0.62 g kg−1.
- Treatment
- neem extracte0
- Outcome
- soil tissue NO3−−N contentse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 0.62 g kg−1e0
- Qualifier
- 0.82 g kg−1 for −Nme0
- Comparator
- −Nme0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Only the neem extract applied to soils receiving mineral fertilizers decreased soil tissue NO3−−N contents (0.82 g kg−1 for −Nm vs. 0.62 g kg−1 for +Nm).”
Claim · model-written summary
Mineral fertilizer lowered amaranth oxalic acid without neem to 0.60 g kg−1 compared with unamended soil at 1.05 g kg−1.
- Taxon
- amaranth
.JPG?width=60)
Amaranthus caudatuse0 - Treatment
- mineral fertilizere0
- Outcome
- oxalic acid contente0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 0.60e0
- Qualifier
- −Nme0
- Comparator
- unamended soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.JPG?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The oxalic acid content of amaranth decreased with mineral fertilizer (0.60 and 0.46 g kg−1 for −Nm and +Nm, respectively), yet increased with the higher rates of cricket frass (1.42–1.52 g kg−1 for −Nm, and 1.23–1.51 g kg−1 for +Nm) compared to the unamended soil (1.05 and 1.00 g kg−1 for −Nm and +Nm).”
Claim · model-written summary
Mineral fertilizer lowered amaranth oxalic acid with neem to 0.46 g kg−1 compared with unamended soil at 1.00 g kg−1.
- Taxon
- amaranthAmaranthus caudatuse0
- Treatment
- mineral fertilizere0
- Outcome
- oxalic acid contente0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 0.46 g kg−1e0
- Qualifier
- +Nme0
- Comparator
- unamended soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The oxalic acid content of amaranth decreased with mineral fertilizer (0.60 and 0.46 g kg−1 for −Nm and +Nm, respectively), yet increased with the higher rates of cricket frass (1.42–1.52 g kg−1 for −Nm, and 1.23–1.51 g kg−1 for +Nm) compared to the unamended soil (1.05 and 1.00 g kg−1 for −Nm and +Nm).”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher cricket frass rates increased oxalic acid without neem to 1.42–1.52 g kg−1 relative to unamended soil.
- Taxon
- amaranthAmaranthus caudatuse0
- Treatment
- higher rates of cricket frasse0
- Outcome
- oxalic acid contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 1.42–1.52 g kg−1e0
- Qualifier
- −Nme0
- Comparator
- unamended soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The oxalic acid content of amaranth decreased with mineral fertilizer (0.60 and 0.46 g kg−1 for −Nm and +Nm, respectively), yet increased with the higher rates of cricket frass (1.42–1.52 g kg−1 for −Nm, and 1.23–1.51 g kg−1 for +Nm) compared to the unamended soil (1.05 and 1.00 g kg−1 for −Nm and +Nm).”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher cricket frass rates increased oxalic acid with neem to 1.23–1.51 g kg−1 relative to unamended soil.
- Taxon
- amaranthAmaranthus caudatuse0
- Treatment
- higher rates of cricket frasse0
- Outcome
- oxalic acid contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 1.23–1.51 g kg−1e0
- Qualifier
- +Nme0
- Comparator
- unamended soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The oxalic acid content of amaranth decreased with mineral fertilizer (0.60 and 0.46 g kg−1 for −Nm and +Nm, respectively), yet increased with the higher rates of cricket frass (1.42–1.52 g kg−1 for −Nm, and 1.23–1.51 g kg−1 for +Nm) compared to the unamended soil (1.05 and 1.00 g kg−1 for −Nm and +Nm).”
Claim · model-written summary
Cricket-frass cations may enhance oxalic acid biosynthesis and accumulation.
- Taxon
- AmaranthAmaranthus caudatust0
- Compound
- Cationse0
- Outcome
- biosynthesis and the accumulation of oxalic acide0
- Qualifier
- may enhancee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cations, including K, Ca, Mg, and Na derived from cricket frass, may enhance biosynthesis and the accumulation of oxalic acid.”
t0“Amaranth”
Claim · model-written summary
Neem seed extract decreased tissue oxalic contents across soil amendments.
- Taxon
- AmaranthAmaranthus caudatust0
- Treatment
- neem seed extracte0
- Outcome
- tissue’s oxalic contentse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- regardless of soil amendmentse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The neem seed extract decreased the tissue’s oxalic contents regardless of soil amendments.”
t0“Amaranth”
The same questions in other papers
fertilization · molecular: metabolites · Amaranthus caudatus (amaranth)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.