Abstract
Drought stress at jointing-booting directly affects plant growth and productivity in rice. Limited by natural factors, the jointing and booting stages of short-growth-period rice varieties are highly overlapped in high-latitude areas, which are more sensitive to water deficit. However, little is known about the dry matter translocation in rice and the strategies of starch synthesis and filling of superior and inferior grains under different drought stress was unclear. In this study, the rice plants were subjected to three degrees of drought stress (-10 kPa, -25 kPa, -40 kPa) for 15 days during the jointing-booting stage; we investigated dry matter accumulation and translocation, grain filling and enzyme activities to starch synthesis of superior and inferior grains in rice with overlapping growth stages from 2016 to 2017. The results showed that drought stress significantly reduced dry matter accumulation in the stems and leaves. Mild and moderate drought increased dry matter translocation efficiency. However, severe drought stress largely limited the dry matter accumulation and translocation. A large amount of dry matter remains in vegetative organs under severe drought stress. The high content in NSC in stem and sheath plays a key role in resisting drought stress. The drought stress at jointing-booting directly caused a change in the grain filling strategy. Under moderate and severe drought, the grain-filling active period of the superior grains was shortened to complete the necessary reproductive growth. The grain-filling active period of the inferior grains was significantly prolonged to avoid a decrease in grain yield. The significant decrease in the grain-filling rate of the superior and inferior grains caused a reduction in the thousand-grain weight. In particular, the influence of the grain-filling rate of inferior grains on the thousand-grain weight was more significant. Drought stress changed the starch synthesis strategies of the superior and inferior grains. Soluble starch synthase and starch branching enzyme activities of inferior grains increased significantly under drought stress. GBSS activity was not sensitive to drought stress. Therefore, amylose content was decreased and amylopectin synthesis was enhanced under drought stress, especially in inferior grains.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Drought stress significantly reduced dry matter accumulation in the stems and leaves of rice.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Organ / stage
- stems and leavese1
- Treatment
- drought stresse1
- Outcome
- dry matter accumulatione1
- Direction
- reducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Drought stress at jointing-booting directly affects plant growth and productivity in rice”
e1“drought stress significantly reduced dry matter accumulation in the stems and leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Mild and moderate drought increased dry matter translocation efficiency in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Mild and moderate droughte1
- Outcome
- dry matter translocation efficiencye1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Drought stress at jointing-booting directly affects plant growth and productivity in rice”
e1“Mild and moderate drought increased dry matter translocation efficiency”
Claim · model-written summary
Severe drought stress largely limited dry matter accumulation and translocation in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- severe drought stresse1
- Outcome
- dry matter accumulation and translocatione1
- Direction
- limitede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Drought stress at jointing-booting directly affects plant growth and productivity in rice”
e1“severe drought stress largely limited the dry matter accumulation and translocation”
Claim · model-written summary
A large amount of dry matter remains in the vegetative organs of rice under severe drought stress.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- vegetative organse1
- Treatment
- severe drought stresse1
- Outcome
- dry matter remains in vegetative organse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Drought stress at jointing-booting directly affects plant growth and productivity in rice”
e1“A large amount of dry matter remains in vegetative organs under severe drought stress”
Claim · model-written summary
High NSC content in stem and sheath is proposed to play a key role in resisting drought stress in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- stem and sheathe1
- Compound
- NSCe1
- Outcome
- resisting drought stresse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Drought stress at jointing-booting directly affects plant growth and productivity in rice”
e1“The high content in NSC in stem and sheath plays a key role in resisting drought stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought stress at jointing-booting caused a change in the grain filling strategy of rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- drought stress at jointing-bootinge1
- Outcome
- grain filling strategye1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Drought stress at jointing-booting directly affects plant growth and productivity in rice”
e1“The drought stress at jointing-booting directly caused a change in the grain filling strategy”
Claim · model-written summary
Under moderate and severe drought, the grain-filling active period of the superior grains of rice was shortened.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- superior grainse1
- Treatment
- moderate and severe droughte1
- Outcome
- grain-filling active period of the superior grainse1
- Direction
- shortenede1
- Qualifier
- to complete the necessary reproductive growthe1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Drought stress at jointing-booting directly affects plant growth and productivity in rice”
e1“Under moderate and severe drought, the grain-filling active period of the superior grains was shortened to complete the necessary reproductive growth”
Claim · model-written summary
The grain-filling active period of the inferior grains of rice was significantly prolonged under moderate and severe drought.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- inferior grainse1
- Treatment
- moderate and severe droughte2
- Outcome
- grain-filling active period of the inferior grainse1
- Direction
- prolongede1
- Qualifier
- to avoid a decrease in grain yielde1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Drought stress at jointing-booting directly affects plant growth and productivity in rice”
e1“The grain-filling active period of the inferior grains was significantly prolonged to avoid a decrease in grain yield”
e2“Under moderate and severe drought”
Claim · model-written summary
A significant decrease in grain-filling rate of superior and inferior grains went with a reduction in thousand-grain weight in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- superior and inferior grainse1
- Outcome
- thousand-grain weighte1
- Direction
- reductione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Drought stress at jointing-booting directly affects plant growth and productivity in rice”
e1“The significant decrease in the grain-filling rate of the superior and inferior grains caused a reduction in the thousand-grain weight”
Claim · model-written summary
The grain-filling rate of inferior grains had a stronger influence on thousand-grain weight in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- inferior grainse1
- Outcome
- influence of the grain-filling rate of inferior grains on the thousand-grain weighte1
- Direction
- higherinferrede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Drought stress at jointing-booting directly affects plant growth and productivity in rice”
e1“In particular, the influence of the grain-filling rate of inferior grains on the thousand-grain weight was more significant”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought stress changed the starch synthesis strategies of superior and inferior grains of rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- superior and inferior grainse1
- Treatment
- Drought stresse1
- Outcome
- starch synthesis strategiese1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Drought stress at jointing-booting directly affects plant growth and productivity in rice”
e1“Drought stress changed the starch synthesis strategies of the superior and inferior grains”
Claim · model-written summary
Soluble starch synthase and starch branching enzyme activities of inferior grains of rice increased significantly under drought stress.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- inferior grainse1
- Treatment
- drought stresse1
- Gene
- Soluble starch synthase and starch branching enzymee1
- Outcome
- enzyme activitiese1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Drought stress at jointing-booting directly affects plant growth and productivity in rice”
e1“Soluble starch synthase and starch branching enzyme activities of inferior grains increased significantly under drought stress”
Claim · model-written summary
GBSS activity in rice was not sensitive to drought stress.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- drought stresse1
- Gene
- GBSSe1
- Outcome
- GBSS activitye1
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Drought stress at jointing-booting directly affects plant growth and productivity in rice”
e1“GBSS activity was not sensitive to drought stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Under drought stress, amylose content in rice was decreased, especially in inferior grains.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- inferior grainse1
- Treatment
- drought stresse1
- Outcome
- amylose contente1
- Direction
- decreasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Drought stress at jointing-booting directly affects plant growth and productivity in rice”
e1“Therefore, amylose content was decreased and amylopectin synthesis was enhanced under drought stress, especially in inferior grains”
Claim · model-written summary
Under drought stress, amylopectin synthesis in rice was enhanced, especially in inferior grains.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- inferior grainse1
- Treatment
- drought stresse1
- Outcome
- amylopectin synthesise1
- Direction
- enhancede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Drought stress at jointing-booting directly affects plant growth and productivity in rice”
e1“Therefore, amylose content was decreased and amylopectin synthesis was enhanced under drought stress, especially in inferior grains”
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