Abstract
Arid degraded soils have a coarse texture and poor organic matter content, which reduces the activity of microorganisms and soil enzymes, and thus the soil quality, plant yield and quality decrease. Potassium solubilizing bacteria (KSB) have been suggested to increase the activity of soil enzymes and increase the release of potassium from natural K-feldspar in the arid degraded soil, and thus potentially reduce the rates of the application of chemical fertilizers. Field studies were conducted for three successive growing seasons in an organic farming system to investigate the effects of K-feldspar and KSB (Bacillus cereus) on K release, soil fertility, and fruit yield of mango plants (Mangifera indica L.). The maximum growth of mango plants was found in the treatments inoculated with KSB. KSB increased soil available N, P, K, and the activity of dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase enzymes by 10, 7, 18, 54, and 52%, respectively. KSB increased the fruit yield of mango by 23, 27, and 23% in the first, second, and third growing seasons, respectively. The partial (up to 50%) substitution of chemical K-fertilizer with K-feldspar gave fruit yield and quality very close to that fertilized with the full chemical K-fertilizer. The release rate of K (over all the treatments) varied between 0.18 and 0.64 mg kg−1 of soil per day. KSB significantly increased the K release rate. The application of chemical K-fertilizer gave the highest K release, while substitution with K-feldspar reduced the release of K. Natural K-feldspar contains 8.2% K but is poorly soluble when applied alone. KSB increased the soil quality parameters and enhanced the growth and quality of mango fruit. The fruit yield of mango, under KSB inoculation and fertilization with different K sources, ranged between 9.14 to 17.14 t ha−1. The replacement of 50% of chemical K-fertilizer with natural K-feldspar caused a decrease in the fruit yield by 17, 8, and 2.7% in the first, second, and third years, respectively. The substitution of chemical K-fertilizer with K-feldspar up to 50% with KSB is a good strategy to reduce the excessive use of chemical K-fertilizer. B. cereus and natural K-feldspar have the potential to improve soil health and mango plant productivity in low fertile arid soils.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
KSB inoculation gave the maximum growth of mango plants.
- Taxon
- mango plants
_from_India.jpg?width=60)
Mangifera indicae1 - Treatment
- inoculated with KSBe1
- Interactor
- Bacillus cereus
Bacillus cereuse0symbiont - Outcome
- growth of mango plantse1
- Direction
- maximume1
- Setting
- organic farming systeme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_from_India.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e1“The maximum growth of mango plants was found in the treatments inoculated with KSB”
e0“Field studies were conducted for three successive growing seasons in an organic farming system to investigate the effects of K-feldspar and KSB (Bacillus cereus) on K release, soil fertility, and fruit yield of mango plants (Mangifera indica L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
KSB increased soil available N, P and K.
- Taxon
- mangoMangifera indicat0
- Treatment
- KSBe2
- Interactor
- KSBe2symbiont
- Outcome
- soil available N, P, Ke2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 10, 7, 18e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Mango (Mangifera indica L.)”
e2“KSB increased soil available N, P, K, and the activity of dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase enzymes by 10, 7, 18, 54, and 52%”
Claim · model-written summary
KSB increased the activity of dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase enzymes in soil.
- Taxon
- mangoMangifera indicat0
- Treatment
- KSBe2
- Interactor
- KSBe2symbiont
- Outcome
- activity of dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase enzymese2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 54, and 52%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Mango (Mangifera indica L.)”
e2“KSB increased soil available N, P, K, and the activity of dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase enzymes by 10, 7, 18, 54, and 52%”
Claim · model-written summary
KSB increased fruit yield of mango by 23% in the first growing season.
- Taxon
- mangoMangifera indicat0
- Treatment
- KSBe3
- Interactor
- KSBe3symbiont
- Outcome
- fruit yielde3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Value
- 23e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Mango (Mangifera indica L.)”
e3“KSB increased the fruit yield of mango by 23, 27, and 23% in the first, second, and third growing seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
KSB increased fruit yield of mango by 27% in the second growing season.
- Taxon
- mangoMangifera indicat0
- Treatment
- KSBe3
- Interactor
- KSBe3symbiont
- Outcome
- fruit yielde3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Value
- 27e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Mango (Mangifera indica L.)”
e3“KSB increased the fruit yield of mango by 23, 27, and 23% in the first, second, and third growing seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
KSB increased fruit yield of mango by 23% in the third growing season.
- Taxon
- mangoMangifera indicat0
- Treatment
- KSBe3
- Interactor
- KSBe3symbiont
- Outcome
- fruit yielde3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Value
- 23%e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Mango (Mangifera indica L.)”
e3“KSB increased the fruit yield of mango by 23, 27, and 23% in the first, second, and third growing seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
Substituting up to 50% of chemical K-fertilizer with K-feldspar gave fruit yield and quality very close to full chemical K-fertilizer.
- Taxon
- mangoMangifera indicat0
- Treatment
- substitution of chemical K-fertilizer with K-feldspare4
- Outcome
- fruit yield and qualitye4
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede4
- Comparator
- the full chemical K-fertilizere4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Mango (Mangifera indica L.)”
e4“The partial (up to 50%) substitution of chemical K-fertilizer with K-feldspar gave fruit yield and quality very close to that fertilized with the full chemical K-fertilizer”
Claim · model-written summary
KSB significantly increased the K release rate.
- Taxon
- mangoMangifera indicat0
- Treatment
- KSBe6
- Interactor
- KSBe6symbiont
- Outcome
- K release ratee6
- Direction
- increasede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Mango (Mangifera indica L.)”
e6“KSB significantly increased the K release rate”
Claim · model-written summary
Application of chemical K-fertilizer gave the highest K release.
- Taxon
- mangoMangifera indicat0
- Treatment
- application of chemical K-fertilizere7
- Outcome
- K releasee7
- Direction
- higheste7
- Comparator
- substitution with K-feldspare7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Mango (Mangifera indica L.)”
e7“The application of chemical K-fertilizer gave the highest K release, while substitution with K-feldspar reduced the release of K”
Claim · model-written summary
Substitution with K-feldspar reduced K release relative to chemical K-fertilizer.
- Taxon
- mangoMangifera indicat0
- Treatment
- substitution with K-feldspare7
- Outcome
- release of Ke7
- Direction
- reducede7
- Comparator
- chemical K-fertilizere7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Mango (Mangifera indica L.)”
e7“The application of chemical K-fertilizer gave the highest K release, while substitution with K-feldspar reduced the release of K”
Claim · model-written summary
K release rate varied between 0.18 and 0.64 mg per kg of soil per day across all treatments.
- Taxon
- mangoMangifera indicat0
- Outcome
- release rate of Ke5
- Value
- 0.18 and 0.64 mg kg−1 of soil per daye5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Mango (Mangifera indica L.)”
e5“The release rate of K (over all the treatments) varied between 0.18 and 0.64 mg kg−1 of soil per day”
Claim · model-written summary
Replacing 50% of chemical K-fertilizer with K-feldspar decreased fruit yield by 17% in the first year.
- Taxon
- mangoMangifera indicat0
- Treatment
- replacement of 50% of chemical K-fertilizer with natural K-feldspare1
- Outcome
- fruit yielde1
- Direction
- decreasee1
- Value
- 17e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Mango (Mangifera indica L.)”
e1“The replacement of 50% of chemical K-fertilizer with natural K-feldspar caused a decrease in the fruit yield by 17, 8, and 2.7% in the first, second, and third years”
Claim · model-written summary
Replacing 50% of chemical K-fertilizer with K-feldspar decreased fruit yield by 8% in the second year.
- Taxon
- mangoMangifera indicat0
- Treatment
- replacement of 50% of chemical K-fertilizer with natural K-feldspare1
- Outcome
- fruit yielde1
- Direction
- decreasee1
- Value
- 8e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Mango (Mangifera indica L.)”
e1“The replacement of 50% of chemical K-fertilizer with natural K-feldspar caused a decrease in the fruit yield by 17, 8, and 2.7% in the first, second, and third years”
Claim · model-written summary
Replacing 50% of chemical K-fertilizer with K-feldspar decreased fruit yield by 2.7% in the third year.
- Taxon
- mangoMangifera indicat0
- Treatment
- replacement of 50% of chemical K-fertilizer with natural K-feldspare1
- Outcome
- fruit yielde1
- Direction
- decreasee1
- Value
- 2.7%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Mango (Mangifera indica L.)”
e1“The replacement of 50% of chemical K-fertilizer with natural K-feldspar caused a decrease in the fruit yield by 17, 8, and 2.7% in the first, second, and third years”
Claim · model-written summary
Mango fruit yield under KSB inoculation ranged between 9.14 and 17.14 t per hectare.
- Taxon
- mangoMangifera indicat0
- Interactor
- KSBe1symbiont
- Outcome
- fruit yielde1
- Value
- 9.14 to 17.14 t ha−1e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Mango (Mangifera indica L.)”
e1“The fruit yield of mango, under KSB inoculation and fertilization with different K sources, ranged between 9.14 to 17.14 t ha−1”
The same questions in other papers
potassium · quality: general · Mangifera indica (mango)Positive and negative results
1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
potassium · yield · Mangifera indica (mango)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 12 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
10 papers more in this group
See all 14 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.