Abstract
Conventional agricultural practices favoring the use of glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs) increase the risk of GBH residues ending up in animal feed, feces, and, eventually, manure. The use of poultry manure as organic fertilizer in the circular food economy increases the unintentional introduction of GBH residues into horticultural and agricultural systems, with reportedly negative effects on the growth and reproduction of crop plants. To understand the potential lasting effects of exposure to GBH residues via organic manure fertilizers, we studied strawberry (Fragaria x vescana) plant performance, yield quantity, biochemistry, folivory, phytochemistry, and soil elemental composition the year after exposure to GBH. Although plants exposed to GBH residues via manure fertilizer were, on average, 23% smaller in the year of exposure, they were able to compensate for their growth during the following growing season. Interestingly, GBH residue exposure in the previous growing season led to a trend in altered plant size preferences of folivores during the following growing season. Furthermore, the plants that had been exposed to GBH residues in the previous growing season produced 20% heavier fruits with an altered composition of phenolic compounds compared to non-exposed plants. Our results indicate that GBHs introduced via manure fertilizer following circular economy practices in one year can have effects on perennial crop plants in the following year, although GBH residues in soil have largely vanished.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Strawberry plants exposed to glyphosate-based herbicide residues via manure fertilizer were on average 23% smaller in the year of exposure.
- Taxon
- strawberry
_single2.jpg?width=60)
Fragaria ×ananassae4 - Treatment
- GBH residues via manure fertilizere0
- Outcome
- plantse0
- Direction
- smallere0
- Value
- 23%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_single2.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e4“we studied strawberry (Fragaria x vescana) plant performance”
e0“Although plants exposed to GBH residues via manure fertilizer were, on average, 23% smaller in the year of exposure, they were able to compensate for their growth during the following growing season”
Claim · model-written summary
Strawberry plants exposed to glyphosate-based herbicide residues via manure fertilizer compensated for their growth during the following growing season.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae4
- Treatment
- GBH residues via manure fertilizere0
- Outcome
- compensate for their growth during the following growing seasone0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“we studied strawberry (Fragaria x vescana) plant performance”
e0“Although plants exposed to GBH residues via manure fertilizer were, on average, 23% smaller in the year of exposure, they were able to compensate for their growth during the following growing season”
Claim · model-written summary
Exposure to GBH residues in the previous growing season led to a trend toward altered plant size preferences of folivores in the following season.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae4
- Treatment
- GBH residue exposure in the previous growing seasone1
- Interactor
- folivorese1herbivore
- Outcome
- plant size preferences of folivorese1
- Direction
- alterede1
- Qualifier
- a trende1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“we studied strawberry (Fragaria x vescana) plant performance”
e1“Interestingly, GBH residue exposure in the previous growing season led to a trend in altered plant size preferences of folivores during the following growing season”
Claim · model-written summary
Strawberry plants exposed to GBH residues in the previous growing season produced 20% heavier fruits than non-exposed plants.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae4
- Treatment
- exposed to GBH residues in the previous growing seasone2
- Outcome
- fruitse2
- Direction
- heaviere2
- Value
- 20%e2
- Comparator
- non-exposed plantse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“we studied strawberry (Fragaria x vescana) plant performance”
e2“Furthermore, the plants that had been exposed to GBH residues in the previous growing season produced 20% heavier fruits with an altered composition of phenolic compounds compared to non-exposed plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Strawberry plants exposed to GBH residues in the previous growing season had an altered composition of phenolic compounds compared with non-exposed plants.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae4
- Treatment
- exposed to GBH residues in the previous growing seasone2
- Outcome
- composition of phenolic compoundse2
- Direction
- alterede2
- Comparator
- non-exposed plantse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“we studied strawberry (Fragaria x vescana) plant performance”
e2“Furthermore, the plants that had been exposed to GBH residues in the previous growing season produced 20% heavier fruits with an altered composition of phenolic compounds compared to non-exposed plants”
Claim · model-written summary
GBH residues in soil had largely vanished after the exposure year.
- Outcome
- GBH residues in soile3
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e3“although GBH residues in soil have largely vanished”
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See all 141 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.