Abstract
The high performance and stability of wheat genotypes for yield, grain protein content (GPC), and other desirable traits are critical for varietal development and food and nutritional security. Likewise, the genotype by environment (G × E) interaction (GEI) should be thoroughly investigated and favorably utilized whenever genotype selection decisions are made. The present study was planned with the following two major objectives: 1) determination of GEI for some advanced wheat genotypes across four locations (Ludhiana, Ballowal, Patiala, and Bathinda) of Punjab, India; and 2) selection of the best genotypes with high GPC and yield in various environments. Different univariate [Eberhart and Ruessll's models; Perkins and Jinks' models; Wrike's Ecovalence; and Francis and Kannenberg's models], multivariate (AMMI and GGE biplot), and correlation analyses were used to interpret the data from the multi-environmental trial (MET). Consequently, both the univariate and multivariate analyses provided almost similar results regarding the top-performing and stable genotypes. The analysis of variance revealed that variation due to environment, genotype, and GEI was highly significant at the 0.01 and 0.001 levels of significance for all studied traits. The days to flowering, plant height, spikelets per spike, grain per spike, days to maturity, and 1000-grain weight were specifically affected by the environment, whereas yield was mainly affected by the environment and GEI. Genotypes, on the other hand, had a greater impact on the GPC than environmental conditions. As a result, a multi-environmental investigation was necessary to identify the GEI for wheat genotype selection because the GEI was very significant for all of the evaluated traits. Yield, 1000-grain weight, spikelet per spike, and days to maturity were observed to have positive correlations, implying the feasibility of their simultaneous selection for yield enhancement. However, GPC was observed to have a negative correlation with yield. Patiala was found to be the most discriminating environment for both yield and GPC and also the most effective representative environment for GPC, whereas Ludhiana was found to be the most effective representative environment for yield. Eventually, two NILs (BWL7508, and BWL7511) were selected as the top across all environments for both yield and GPC.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Univariate and multivariate analyses identified almost the same top and stable genotypes.
- Taxon
- wheat genotypes
Triticum aestivume1 - Outcome
- almost similar resultse0
- Comparator
- univariate and multivariate analysese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both the univariate and multivariate analyses provided almost similar results regarding the top-performing and stable genotypes”
e1“high performance and stability of wheat genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Environment, genotype, and their interaction contributed significant variation to all traits.
- Taxon
- wheat genotypesTriticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- variatione0
- Setting
- environmente0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“variation due to environment, genotype, and GEI was highly significant at the 0.01 and 0.001 levels of significance for all studied traits”
e1“high performance and stability of wheat genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Environment particularly affected flowering time, height, spike traits, maturity and grain weight.
- Taxon
- wheat genotypesTriticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- days to flowering, plant height, spikelets per spikee0
- Setting
- environmente0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The days to flowering, plant height, spikelets per spike, grain per spike, days to maturity, and 1000-grain weight were specifically affected by the environment”
e1“high performance and stability of wheat genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield was mainly affected by environment and genotype by environment interaction.
- Taxon
- wheat genotypesTriticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Setting
- environmente0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“yield was mainly affected by the environment and GEI”
e1“high performance and stability of wheat genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Genotype affected GPC more than environment did.
- Taxon
- wheat genotypesTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- GPCe0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- environmental conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Genotypes, on the other hand, had a greater impact on the GPC than environmental conditions.”
t0“wheat genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield, thousand-grain weight, spikelets and maturity showed positive correlations.
- Taxon
- wheat genotypesTriticum aestivume1
- Organ / stage
- spikelet per spikee0
- Outcome
- positive correlationse0
- Direction
- positivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yield, 1000-grain weight, spikelet per spike, and days to maturity were observed to have positive correlations”
e1“high performance and stability of wheat genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
GPC was negatively correlated with yield.
- Taxon
- wheat genotypesTriticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- GPCe0
- Direction
- negativee0
- Comparator
- yielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GPC was observed to have a negative correlation with yield”
e1“high performance and stability of wheat genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Patiala best discriminated yield and GPC and represented GPC.
- Taxon
- wheat genotypesTriticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- most discriminating environment for both yield and GPCe0
- Comparator
- Patialae0
- Setting
- Patialae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Patiala was found to be the most discriminating environment for both yield and GPC and also the most effective representative environment for GPC”
e1“high performance and stability of wheat genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Ludhiana best represented yield.
- Taxon
- wheat genotypesTriticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- most effective representative environment for yielde0
- Comparator
- Ludhianae0
- Setting
- Ludhianae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ludhiana was found to be the most effective representative environment for yield”
e1“high performance and stability of wheat genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
BWL7508 was selected as a top genotype for yield and GPC.
- Taxon
- wheat genotypesTriticum aestivume1
- Material
- BWL7508e0
- Outcome
- top across all environments for both yield and GPCe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two NILs (BWL7508, and BWL7511) were selected as the top across all environments for both yield and GPC”
e1“high performance and stability of wheat genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
BWL7511 was selected as a top genotype for yield and GPC.
- Taxon
- wheat genotypesTriticum aestivume1
- Material
- BWL7511e0
- Outcome
- top across all environments for both yield and GPCe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two NILs (BWL7508, and BWL7511) were selected as the top across all environments for both yield and GPC”
e1“high performance and stability of wheat genotypes”