Abstract
Abstract The effects of metals on plants and herbivores, as well as the interaction among the latter, are well documented. However, the effects of simultaneous herbivory and metal accumulation remain poorly studied. Here, we shed light on this topic by infesting cadmium‐accumulating tomato plants ( Solanum lycopersicum ), either exposed to cadmium or not, with herbivorous spider mites, Tetranychus urticae or T. evansi during 14 days. Whereas on plants without cadmium T. evansi had higher growth rate than T. urticae , on plants with cadmium both mite species had similar growth rates, which were lower than on plants without metal. Plants were affected by both cadmium toxicity and by herbivory, as shown by leaf reflectance, but not on the same wavelengths. Moreover, changes in leaf reflectance on the wavelength affected by herbivores were similar on plants with and without cadmium, and vice versa. Long‐term effects of cadmium and herbivory did not affect H 2 O 2 concentrations in the plant. Finally, plants infested with spider mites did not accumulate more cadmium, suggesting that metal accumulation is not induced by herbivory. We thus conclude that cadmium accumulation affects two congeneric herbivore species differently and that the effects of herbivory and cadmium toxicity on plants may be disentangled, via leaf reflectance, even during simultaneous exposure.
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The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
On tomato without cadmium, Tetranychus evansi grew faster than T. urticae.
- Taxon
- Solanum lycopersicum
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- plants without cadmiume1
- Interactor
- T. evansi
Tetranychus evansie1herbivore - Second interactor
- T. urticae
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Tetranychus urticaee1herbivore - Outcome
- growth ratee1
- Direction
- highere1
- Comparator
- T. urticaee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“cadmium‐accumulating tomato plants ( Solanum lycopersicum )”
e1“Whereas on plants without cadmium T. evansi had higher growth rate than T. urticae , on plants with cadmium both mite species had similar growth rates, which were lower than on plants without metal”
Claim · model-written summary
On cadmium-accumulating tomato, both mite species had similar growth rates.
- Taxon
- Solanum lycopersicumSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- plants with cadmiume1
- Outcome
- growth ratese1
- Qualifier
- similare1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cadmium‐accumulating tomato plants ( Solanum lycopersicum )”
e1“on plants with cadmium both mite species had similar growth rates, which were lower than on plants without metal”
Claim · model-written summary
On cadmium-exposed tomato, mite growth rates were lower than on plants without metal.
- Taxon
- Solanum lycopersicumSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- plants with cadmiume1
- Outcome
- growth ratese1
- Direction
- lowere1
- Comparator
- plants without metale1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cadmium‐accumulating tomato plants ( Solanum lycopersicum )”
e1“on plants with cadmium both mite species had similar growth rates, which were lower than on plants without metal”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium toxicity and herbivory both affected tomato leaf reflectance, but not at the same wavelengths.
- Taxon
- Solanum lycopersicumSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- cadmium toxicity and by herbivorye2
- Outcome
- leaf reflectancee2
- Qualifier
- but not on the same wavelengthse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cadmium‐accumulating tomato plants ( Solanum lycopersicum )”
e2“Plants were affected by both cadmium toxicity and by herbivory, as shown by leaf reflectance, but not on the same wavelengths”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbivore-affected leaf reflectance changes were similar on tomato with and without cadmium, and vice versa.
- Taxon
- Solanum lycopersicumSolanum lycopersicume0
- Outcome
- changes in leaf reflectance on the wavelength affected by herbivorese3
- Qualifier
- similar on plants with and without cadmiume3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cadmium‐accumulating tomato plants ( Solanum lycopersicum )”
e3“changes in leaf reflectance on the wavelength affected by herbivores were similar on plants with and without cadmium”
Claim · model-written summary
Long-term cadmium and herbivory did not change H2O2 concentrations in tomato.
- Taxon
- Solanum lycopersicumSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- cadmium and herbivorye4
- Outcome
- H 2 O 2 concentrationse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cadmium‐accumulating tomato plants ( Solanum lycopersicum )”
e4“Long‐term effects of cadmium and herbivory did not affect H 2 O 2 concentrations in the plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Tomato plants infested with spider mites did not accumulate more cadmium.
- Taxon
- Solanum lycopersicumSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- infested with spider mitese5
- Outcome
- accumulate more cadmiume5
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cadmium‐accumulating tomato plants ( Solanum lycopersicum )”
e5“plants infested with spider mites did not accumulate more cadmium”
The same questions in other papers
infection · nutrient: content · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
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See all 9 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.