Abstract
Iris laevigata is ideal for gardening and landscaping in northeast China because of its beautiful flowers and strong cold resistance. However, the short length of flowering time (2 days for individual flowers) greatly limits its applications. Molecular breeding and engineering hold high potential for producing I. laevigata of desirable flowering properties. A prerequisite is to identify and characterize key flowering control genes, the identity of which remains largely unknown in I. laevigata due to the lack of genome information. To fill this knowledge gap, we used sequencing data of the I. laevigata transcriptome to identify MADS-box gene-encoding transcription factors that have been shown to play key roles in developmental processes, including flowering. Our data revealed 41 putative MADS-box genes, which consisted of 8 type I (5 Mα and 3 Mβ, respectively) and 33 type II members (2 MIKC* and 31 MIKCC, respectively). We then selected IlSEP3 and IlSVP for functional studies and found that both are localized to the nucleus and that they interact physically in vitro. Ectopic expression of IlSEP3 in Arabidopsis resulted in early flowering (32 days) compared to that of control plants (36 days), which could be mediated by modulating the expression of FT, SOC1, AP1, SVP, SPL3, VRN1, and GA20OX. By contrast, plants overexpressing IlSVP were phenotypically similar to that of wild type. Our functional validation of IlSEP3 was consistent with the notion that SEP3 promotes flowering in multiple plant species and indicated that IlSEP3 regulates flowering in I. laevigata. Taken together, this work provided a systematic identification of MADS-box genes in I. laevigata and demonstrated that the flowering time of I. laevigata can be genetically controlled by altering the expression of key MADS-box genes.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Transcriptome data revealed 41 putative MADS-box genes.
- Taxon
- Iris laevigata
Iris laevigatat0 - Gene
- MADS-box genese0
- Outcome
- putative MADS-box genese0
- Value
- 41e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Our data revealed 41 putative MADS-box genes, which consisted of 8 type I (5 Mα and 3 Mβ, respectively) and 33 type II members (2 MIKC* and 31 MIKCC, respectively).”
t0“Iris laevigata”
Claim · model-written summary
Eight type I MADS-box members were identified.
- Taxon
- Iris laevigataIris laevigatat0
- Outcome
- type Ie0
- Value
- 8e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“8 type I (5 Mα and 3 Mβ, respectively)”
t0“Iris laevigata”
Claim · model-written summary
Thirty-three type II MADS-box members were identified.
- Taxon
- Iris laevigataIris laevigatat0
- Outcome
- type II memberse0
- Value
- 33e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“33 type II members (2 MIKC* and 31 MIKCC, respectively)”
t0“Iris laevigata”
Claim · model-written summary
IlSEP3 and IlSVP localized to the nucleus.
- Taxon
- Iris laevigataIris laevigatat0
- Gene
- IlSEP3 and IlSVPe1
- Outcome
- localized to the nucleuse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both are localized to the nucleus”
e1“We then selected IlSEP3 and IlSVP for functional studies”
t0“Iris laevigata”
Claim · model-written summary
IlSEP3 and IlSVP physically interacted in vitro.
- Taxon
- Iris laevigataIris laevigatat0
- Gene
- IlSEP3 and IlSVPe0
- Outcome
- interact physically in vitroe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We then selected IlSEP3 and IlSVP for functional studies and found that both are localized to the nucleus and that they interact physically in vitro.”
t0“Iris laevigata”
Claim · model-written summary
Ectopic IlSEP3 expression advanced flowering in Arabidopsis to 32 days versus 36 days in controls.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsise0 - Treatment
- Ectopic expression of IlSEP3e0
- Gene
- IlSEP3e0
- Outcome
- floweringe0
- Direction
- earlye0
- Value
- 32 dayse0
- Qualifier
- 36 dayse0
- Comparator
- control plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ectopic expression of IlSEP3 in Arabidopsis resulted in early flowering (32 days) compared to that of control plants (36 days)”
t0“Iris laevigata”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors proposed that IlSEP3 effects on flowering could involve expression of seven flowering genes.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Gene
- FT, SOC1, AP1, SVP, SPL3, VRN1, and GA20OXe0
- Outcome
- early floweringe1
- Qualifier
- modulating the expressione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“which could be mediated by modulating the expression of FT, SOC1, AP1, SVP, SPL3, VRN1, and GA20OX.”
e1“Ectopic expression of IlSEP3 in Arabidopsis resulted in early flowering”
t0“Iris laevigata”
Claim · model-written summary
IlSVP-overexpressing plants resembled wild type phenotypically.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Treatment
- overexpressing IlSVPe0
- Gene
- IlSVPe0
- Outcome
- phenotypically similare0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- wild typee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plants overexpressing IlSVP were phenotypically similar to that of wild type”
e1“Ectopic expression of IlSEP3 in Arabidopsis”
t0“Iris laevigata”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors inferred that IlSEP3 regulates flowering in Iris laevigata.
- Taxon
- Iris laevigataIris laevigatat0
- Gene
- IlSEP3e0
- Outcome
- floweringe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“IlSEP3 regulates flowering in I. laevigata”
t0“Iris laevigata”
The same questions in other papers
overexpression · phenology · ArabidopsisPositive and negative results
26 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
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