Abstract
A healthy, latently infected, diseased (HLD) plant model for botanical epidemics was defined for tomato bacterial canker (TBC) caused by the pathogenic plant bacteria, Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (Cmm). To estimate the infection probability parameter, inoculation experiments were conducted in which it was assumed that infection is transferred to healthy plants through contaminated scissors used to cut symptomless infected plants. The approximate concentration of Cmm in symptomless infected plants was 1 × 106 cells/mL, and the probability of infection of healthy tomato plants was approximately 0.75 due to cutting with scissors soaked in a cell suspension of Cmm at 1 × 106 cells/mL. Three different HLD models were developed by changing some parameters, and the D curve calculated by the developed HLD model A was quite similar to the curve of the proportion of diseased plants observed in fields that had a severe disease incidence. Under a simulation of disease incidence using this model, the basic reproduction number (R0) was 2.6. However, if the infected scissors were disinfected using ethanol, R0 was estimated as 0.3. The HLD model for TBC can be used to simulate the increasing number of diseased plants and the term of disease incidence.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Asymptomatic infected plants had about 1 × 106 Cmm cells per mL.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume1 - Interactor
- Cmme0pathogen
- Outcome
- concentration of Cmm in symptomless infected plantse0
- Value
- 1 × 106 cells/mLe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The approximate concentration of Cmm in symptomless infected plants was 1 × 106 cells/mL”
e1“healthy tomato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Contaminated scissors infected healthy tomato plants with approximately 0.75 probability.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- cutting with scissors soaked in a cell suspension of Cmm at 1 × 106 cells/mLe0
- Interactor
- Cmme0pathogen
- Outcome
- probability of infection of healthy tomato plantse0
- Value
- approximately 0.75e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“probability of infection of healthy tomato plants was approximately 0.75 due to cutting with scissors soaked in a cell suspension of Cmm at 1 × 106 cells/mL”
Claim · model-written summary
Model A reproduced the diseased-plant curve in severely affected fields.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Outcome
- D curvee0
- Comparator
- curve of the proportion of diseased plants observed in fieldse0
- Setting
- fieldse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the D curve calculated by the developed HLD model A was quite similar to the curve of the proportion of diseased plants observed in fields that had a severe disease incidence”
e1“healthy tomato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The model simulated an R0 of 2.6.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Outcome
- basic reproduction number (R0)e0
- Value
- 2.6e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under a simulation of disease incidence using this model, the basic reproduction number (R0) was 2.6”
e1“healthy tomato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethanol disinfection reduced estimated R0 to 0.3.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- disinfected using ethanole0
- Outcome
- R0e0
- Value
- 0.3e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“if the infected scissors were disinfected using ethanol, R0 was estimated as 0.3”
e1“healthy tomato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The HLD model can simulate the increasing number and timing of diseased plants.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Outcome
- increasing number of diseased plants and the term of disease incidencee0
Not reportedComparatorValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The HLD model for TBC can be used to simulate the increasing number of diseased plants and the term of disease incidence”
e1“healthy tomato plants”
The same questions in other papers
pruning · organism · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
application · organism · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 13 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
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See all 16 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.