Abstract
Glufosinate is used widely to control glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats.) in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Previous research has shown weed control with several herbicides, including glufosinate, can be affected by application time of day. The response sometimes has been attributed to diurnal leaf movement (leaf orientation) in the weeds. The objectives of our research were to determine the influence of time of day of glufosinate application on Palmer amaranth control and to determine if the response was related to diurnal leaf orientation. Field experiments in five states evaluated Palmer amaranth control with glufosinate applied at nine intervals ranging from 1 h before sunrise to 6 h after sunrise and nine intervals ranging from 6 h before sunset to 1 h after sunset. Greatest Palmer amaranth control was achieved with glufosinate applied 2 h after sunrise to 1 h before sunset. Ammonium sulfate, added only to glufosinate 1 h before sunrise or 1 h after sunset treatments, did not improve control. Leaf angles of Palmer amaranth and velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti L.) were determined in a greenhouse at 1 h before light, 2 h after light, mid-day, 2 h before dark, and 1 h after dark. Leaves of velvetleaf oriented downward during the dark periods but time of day had no effect on leaf orientation of Palmer amaranth. These results demonstrate the need for sunlight for optimum glufosinate efficacy on Palmer amaranth.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Glufosinate achieved greatest Palmer amaranth control when applied from 2 h after sunrise to 1 h before sunset.
- Taxon
- cotton
Gossypium hirsutume2 - Treatment
- glufosinate applied 2 h after sunrise to 1 h before sunsete0
- Interactor
- Palmer amaranthe0weed
- Outcome
- Palmer amaranth controle0
- Direction
- Greateste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Greatest Palmer amaranth control was achieved with glufosinate applied 2 h after sunrise to 1 h before sunset.”
t0“Palmer Amaranth Control by Glufosinate Depends on Application Time of Day”
e2“in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium sulfate did not improve weed control when added to glufosinate near sunrise or after sunset.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume2
- Treatment
- Ammonium sulfatee0
- Outcome
- controle0
- Direction
- did not improvee0
- Comparator
- glufosinatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ammonium sulfate, added only to glufosinate 1 h before sunrise or 1 h after sunset treatments, did not improve control.”
t0“Palmer Amaranth Control by Glufosinate Depends on Application Time of Day”
e2“in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Velvetleaf leaves oriented downward in darkness.
- Taxon
- velvetleaf
Abutilon theophrastie0 - Outcome
- Leaves of velvetleaf oriented downwarde0
- Qualifier
- dark periodse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaves of velvetleaf oriented downward during the dark periods but time of day had no effect on leaf orientation of Palmer amaranth.”
Claim · model-written summary
Time of day did not affect Palmer amaranth leaf orientation.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume2
- Interactor
- Palmer amaranthe0weed
- Outcome
- leaf orientation of Palmer amaranthe0
- Direction
- no effecte0
- Setting
- time of daye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaves of velvetleaf oriented downward during the dark periods but time of day had no effect on leaf orientation of Palmer amaranth.”
t0“Palmer Amaranth Control by Glufosinate Depends on Application Time of Day”
e2“in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Sunlight is needed for optimum glufosinate efficacy against Palmer amaranth.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume2
- Interactor
- Palmer amaranthe0weed
- Outcome
- glufosinate efficacy on Palmer amaranthe0
- Qualifier
- need for sunlighte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These results demonstrate the need for sunlight for optimum glufosinate efficacy on Palmer amaranth.”
t0“Palmer Amaranth Control by Glufosinate Depends on Application Time of Day”
e2“in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)”
The same questions in other papers
ammonium sulfate · control · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- no effect
glufosinate · control · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
19 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- negative
18 papers more in this group
See all 22 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.