Abstract
Chinese kale microgreens are gaining interest for its phytochemical compounds and anti-cancer properties mainly from glucosinolates. Zinc is an essential for plant growth and is involved with phytochemicals accumulation. This study investigated the different concentration of ZnSO4 on the enhancement of the phytochemicals and quality of Chinese kale microgreens. Three-day-old seedlings were sprayed with 2 and 4 mM of ZnSO4 until harvesting on days 4, 5, 6 and 7. ZnSO4 significantly decreased the fresh weight of 6 and 7-day-old microgreens and dry weight on the 7th day. The total glucosinolates, total phenolic compounds and total ascorbic acid, gradually rose as the age of microgreens increased. When the 3-day-old microgreens were sprayed at 6, 12 and 18 mM, the fresh and dry weight and hypocotyl length of 7-day-old microgreens significantly decreased as the concentration increases. ZnSO4 at 18 mM was the most effective in enhancing phytochemicals, resulting in increased DPPH radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power. This concentration also induced phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity resulting to an increase in total phenolic compounds. Moreover, ZnSO4 at 18 mM induced H2O2 content but are sufficiently countered with the increase in antioxidant enzymes namely superoxide dismutase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase. In conclusion, the 3-day-old microgreen was the most effective age for the start of the daily spraying of ZnSO4 before harvesting at 7-day-old. Higher concentrations of ZnSO4 (6-18 mM) enhanced the phytochemical compounds and enzymatic antioxidant activities but reduced growth. In contrast, lower concentration (< 4 mM) only improved microgreens growth.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
ZnSO4 spraying significantly decreased the fresh weight of 6- and 7-day-old Chinese kale microgreens.
- Taxon
- Chinese kale
Brassica oleracea var. alboglabrat0 - Treatment
- ZnSO4e0
- Outcome
- fresh weight of 6 and 7-day-old microgreense0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“ZnSO4 spraying affects the growth and phytochemicals of Chinese kale microgreens”
e0“ZnSO4 significantly decreased the fresh weight of 6 and 7-day-old microgreens and dry weight on the 7th day”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnSO4 spraying significantly decreased the dry weight of Chinese kale microgreens on the 7th day.
- Taxon
- Chinese kaleBrassica oleracea var. alboglabrat0
- Treatment
- ZnSO4e0
- Outcome
- dry weight on the 7th daye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“ZnSO4 spraying affects the growth and phytochemicals of Chinese kale microgreens”
e0“ZnSO4 significantly decreased the fresh weight of 6 and 7-day-old microgreens and dry weight on the 7th day”
Claim · model-written summary
Total glucosinolates, total phenolic compounds and total ascorbic acid of Chinese kale microgreens gradually rose as the microgreens aged.
- Taxon
- Chinese kaleBrassica oleracea var. alboglabrat0
- Organ / stage
- age of microgreense5
- Outcome
- total glucosinolates, total phenolic compounds and total ascorbic acide5
- Direction
- rosee5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“ZnSO4 spraying affects the growth and phytochemicals of Chinese kale microgreens”
e5“The total glucosinolates, total phenolic compounds and total ascorbic acid, gradually rose as the age of microgreens increased”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnSO4 sprayed at 6, 12 and 18 mM significantly decreased the fresh and dry weight and hypocotyl length of 7-day-old Chinese kale microgreens as the concentration increased.
- Taxon
- Chinese kaleBrassica oleracea var. alboglabrat0
- Treatment
- 6, 12 and 18 mMe1
- Outcome
- fresh and dry weight and hypocotyl lengthe1
- Direction
- decreasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“ZnSO4 spraying affects the growth and phytochemicals of Chinese kale microgreens”
e1“When the 3-day-old microgreens were sprayed at 6, 12 and 18 mM, the fresh and dry weight and hypocotyl length of 7-day-old microgreens significantly decreased as the concentration increases”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnSO4 at 18 mM increased DPPH radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power of Chinese kale microgreens.
- Taxon
- Chinese kaleBrassica oleracea var. alboglabrat0
- Treatment
- ZnSO4 at 18 mMe2
- Outcome
- DPPH radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant powere2
- Direction
- increasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“ZnSO4 spraying affects the growth and phytochemicals of Chinese kale microgreens”
e2“ZnSO4 at 18 mM was the most effective in enhancing phytochemicals, resulting in increased DPPH radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnSO4 at 18 mM induced phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity in Chinese kale microgreens.
- Taxon
- Chinese kaleBrassica oleracea var. alboglabrat0
- Treatment
- ZnSO4 at 18 mMe2
- Outcome
- phenylalanine ammonia lyase activitye3
- Direction
- inducede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“ZnSO4 spraying affects the growth and phytochemicals of Chinese kale microgreens”
e2“ZnSO4 at 18 mM was the most effective in enhancing phytochemicals, resulting in increased DPPH radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power”
e3“This concentration also induced phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity resulting to an increase in total phenolic compounds”
Claim · model-written summary
The increase in total phenolic compounds at 18 mM ZnSO4 is associated with the induced phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity in Chinese kale microgreens.
- Taxon
- Chinese kaleBrassica oleracea var. alboglabrat0
- Gene
- phenylalanine ammonia lyasee3
- Outcome
- total phenolic compoundse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“ZnSO4 spraying affects the growth and phytochemicals of Chinese kale microgreens”
e3“This concentration also induced phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity resulting to an increase in total phenolic compounds”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnSO4 at 18 mM induced H2O2 content in Chinese kale microgreens.
- Taxon
- Chinese kaleBrassica oleracea var. alboglabrat0
- Treatment
- ZnSO4 at 18 mMe4
- Outcome
- H2O2 contente4
- Direction
- inducede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“ZnSO4 spraying affects the growth and phytochemicals of Chinese kale microgreens”
e4“ZnSO4 at 18 mM induced H2O2 content but are sufficiently countered with the increase in antioxidant enzymes namely superoxide dismutase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnSO4 at 18 mM increased antioxidant enzyme activities, which sufficiently countered the H2O2 induced in Chinese kale microgreens.
- Taxon
- Chinese kaleBrassica oleracea var. alboglabrat0
- Treatment
- ZnSO4 at 18 mMe4
- Gene
- superoxide dismutase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidasee4
- Outcome
- antioxidant enzymese4
- Direction
- increasee4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“ZnSO4 spraying affects the growth and phytochemicals of Chinese kale microgreens”
e4“ZnSO4 at 18 mM induced H2O2 content but are sufficiently countered with the increase in antioxidant enzymes namely superoxide dismutase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase”
Claim · model-written summary
The 3-day-old microgreen stage is the most effective age to start daily ZnSO4 spraying before harvest at 7 days.
- Taxon
- Chinese kaleBrassica oleracea var. alboglabrat0
- Organ / stage
- 3-day-old microgreene6
- Outcome
- start of the daily spraying of ZnSO4e6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“ZnSO4 spraying affects the growth and phytochemicals of Chinese kale microgreens”
e6“the 3-day-old microgreen was the most effective age for the start of the daily spraying of ZnSO4 before harvesting at 7-day-old”
Claim · model-written summary
A lower ZnSO4 concentration (below 4 mM) improved the growth of Chinese kale microgreens.
- Taxon
- Chinese kaleBrassica oleracea var. alboglabrat0
- Treatment
- lower concentration (< 4 mM)e7
- Outcome
- microgreens growthe7
- Direction
- improvede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“ZnSO4 spraying affects the growth and phytochemicals of Chinese kale microgreens”
e7“lower concentration (< 4 mM) only improved microgreens growth”
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