Abstract
Salinity-alkalinity stress can remarkably affect the growth and yield of apple. Strigolactone (SL) is a class of carotenoid-derived compounds that functions in stress tolerance. However, the effects and mechanism of exogenous SL on the salinity-alkalinity tolerance of apple seedlings remain unclear. Here, we assessed the effect of SL on the salinity-alkalinity stress response of Malus hupehensis seedlings. Results showed that treatment with 100 μM exogenous SL analog (GR24) could effectively alleviate salinity-alkalinity stress with higher chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate than the apple seedlings without GR24 treatment. The mechanism was also explored: First, exogenous GR24 regulated the expression of Na + /K + transporter genes and decreased the ratio of Na + /K + in the cytoplasm to maintain ion homeostasis. Second, exogenous GR24 increased the enzyme activities of superoxide, peroxidase and catalase, thereby eliminating reactive oxygen species production. Third, exogenous GR24 alleviated the high pH stress by regulating the expression of H + -ATPase genes and inducing the production of organic acid. Last, exogenous GR24 application increased endogenous acetic acid, abscisic acid, zeatin riboside, and GA3 contents for co-responding to salinity-alkalinity stress indirectly. This study will provide important theoretical basis for analyzing the mechanism of exogenous GR24 in improving salinity-alkalinity tolerance of apple.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
GR24 improved chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate relative to untreated stressed seedlings.
- Taxon
- apple
Malus domesticae0 - Treatment
- 100 μM exogenous SL analog (GR24)e0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll content and photosynthetic ratee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- apple seedlings without GR24 treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“treatment with 100 μM exogenous SL analog (GR24) could effectively alleviate salinity-alkalinity stress with higher chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate than the apple seedlings without GR24 treatment.”
Claim · model-written summary
GR24 regulated sodium and potassium transporter gene expression.
- Taxon
- Malus hupehensis
Malus hupehensist0 - Treatment
- exogenous GR24e0
- Gene
- Na + /K + transporter genese0
- Outcome
- expression of Na + /K + transporter genese0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“exogenous GR24 regulated the expression of Na + /K + transporter genes and decreased the ratio of Na + /K + in the cytoplasm to maintain ion homeostasis.”
t0“Malus hupehensis seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
GR24 decreased the cytoplasmic sodium-to-potassium ratio.
- Taxon
- Malus hupehensisMalus hupehensist0
- Treatment
- exogenous GR24e0
- Outcome
- ratio of Na + /K + in the cytoplasme0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“exogenous GR24 regulated the expression of Na + /K + transporter genes and decreased the ratio of Na + /K + in the cytoplasm to maintain ion homeostasis.”
t0“Malus hupehensis seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
GR24 increased superoxide, peroxidase and catalase activities.
- Taxon
- Malus hupehensisMalus hupehensist0
- Treatment
- exogenous GR24e0
- Outcome
- enzyme activities of superoxide, peroxidase and catalasee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“exogenous GR24 increased the enzyme activities of superoxide, peroxidase and catalase, thereby eliminating reactive oxygen species production.”
t0“Malus hupehensis seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
GR24 was reported to eliminate reactive oxygen species production.
- Taxon
- Malus hupehensisMalus hupehensist0
- Treatment
- exogenous GR24e0
- Outcome
- reactive oxygen species productione0
- Direction
- eliminatinge0
- Qualifier
- enzyme activities of superoxide, peroxidase and catalasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“exogenous GR24 increased the enzyme activities of superoxide, peroxidase and catalase, thereby eliminating reactive oxygen species production.”
t0“Malus hupehensis seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
GR24 regulated H+-ATPase gene expression.
- Taxon
- Malus hupehensisMalus hupehensist0
- Treatment
- exogenous GR24e0
- Gene
- H + -ATPase genese0
- Outcome
- expression of H + -ATPase genese0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“exogenous GR24 alleviated the high pH stress by regulating the expression of H + -ATPase genes and inducing the production of organic acid.”
t0“Malus hupehensis seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
GR24 induced organic acid production.
- Taxon
- Malus hupehensisMalus hupehensist0
- Treatment
- exogenous GR24e0
- Outcome
- production of organic acide0
- Direction
- inducinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“exogenous GR24 alleviated the high pH stress by regulating the expression of H + -ATPase genes and inducing the production of organic acid.”
t0“Malus hupehensis seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
GR24 increased endogenous acetic acid, abscisic acid and zeatin riboside contents.
- Taxon
- Malus hupehensisMalus hupehensist0
- Treatment
- exogenous GR24 applicatione0
- Outcome
- endogenous acetic acid, abscisic acid, zeatin ribosidee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“exogenous GR24 application increased endogenous acetic acid, abscisic acid, zeatin riboside, and GA3 contents”
t0“Malus hupehensis seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
GR24 increased endogenous GA3 content.
- Taxon
- Malus hupehensisMalus hupehensist0
- Treatment
- exogenous GR24 applicatione0
- Outcome
- GA3 contentse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“exogenous GR24 application increased endogenous acetic acid, abscisic acid, zeatin riboside, and GA3 contents”
t0“Malus hupehensis seedlings”
The same questions in other papers
class · physiology: photosynthesis · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.