Abstract
Improvements in nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in corn production systems are necessary, to decrease the economic and environmental losses caused by loss of ammonia volatilization (NH3-N). The objective was to study different nitrogen (N) fertilizer technologies through characterization of N sources, NH3-N volatilization losses, and their effects on the nutrient concentration and yield of corn grown in clayey and sandy soils in south Brazil. The treatments consisted of a control without N application as a topdressing, three conventional N sources (urea, ammonium sulfate, and ammonium nitrate + calcium sulfate), and three enhanced-efficiency fertilizers [urea treated with NBPT + Duromide, urea formaldehyde, and polymer-coated urea (PCU) + urea treated with NBPT and nitrification inhibitor (NI)]. The losses by NH3-N volatilization were up to 46% of the N applied with urea. However, NI addition to urea increased the N losses by NH3-N volatilization by 8.8 and 23.3%, in relation to urea alone for clayey and sandy soils, respectively. Clayey soil was 38.4% more responsive than sandy soil to N fertilization. Ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate + calcium sulfate showed the best results, because it increased the corn yield in clayey soil and contributed to reductions in NH3-N emissions of 84 and 80% in relation to urea, respectively.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Urea lost up to 46% of applied nitrogen as ammonia.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The losses by NH3-N volatilization were up to 46% of the N applied with urea”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrification inhibitor addition to urea increased ammonia loss by 8.8% in clayey soil.
- Treatment
- NI addition to ureae0
- Outcome
- N losses by NH3-N volatilizatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 8.8e0
- Comparator
- urea alonee0
- Setting
- clayeye0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“NI addition to urea increased the N losses by NH3-N volatilization by 8.8 and 23.3%, in relation to urea alone for clayey and sandy soils, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrification inhibitor addition to urea increased ammonia loss by 23.3% in sandy soil.
- Treatment
- NI addition to ureae0
- Outcome
- N losses by NH3-N volatilizatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 23.3%e0
- Comparator
- urea alonee0
- Setting
- sandy soilse0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“NI addition to urea increased the N losses by NH3-N volatilization by 8.8 and 23.3%, in relation to urea alone for clayey and sandy soils, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Clayey soil was 38.4% more responsive to nitrogen fertilizer than sandy soil.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Clayey soil was 38.4% more responsive than sandy soil to N fertilization”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium sulfate increased corn yield in clayey soil.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse0 - Treatment
- Ammonium sulfatee0
- Outcome
- corn yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Setting
- clayey soile0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate + calcium sulfate showed the best results, because it increased the corn yield in clayey soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium nitrate plus calcium sulfate increased corn yield in clayey soil.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- ammonium nitrate + calcium sulfatee0
- Outcome
- corn yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Setting
- clayey soile0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate + calcium sulfate showed the best results, because it increased the corn yield in clayey soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium sulfate reduced ammonia emissions 84% relative to urea.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- Ammonium sulfatee0
- Outcome
- NH3-N emissionse0
- Direction
- reductionse0
- Value
- 84e0
- Comparator
- ureae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate + calcium sulfate showed the best results, because it increased the corn yield in clayey soil and contributed to reductions in NH3-N emissions of 84 and 80% in relation to urea, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium nitrate plus calcium sulfate reduced ammonia emissions 80% relative to urea.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- ammonium nitrate + calcium sulfatee0
- Outcome
- NH3-N emissionse0
- Direction
- reductionse0
- Value
- 80%e0
- Comparator
- ureae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate + calcium sulfate showed the best results, because it increased the corn yield in clayey soil and contributed to reductions in NH3-N emissions of 84 and 80% in relation to urea, respectively”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.