Abstract
Monoxenic culture of arbuscular mycorrhiza, Rhizophagus irregularis in root organ cultures, was formulated in a dextrin-based carrier. R. irregularis was coated in maize seeds (African tall composite) at the rate of 50 g kg -1 . R. irregularis was evaluated for heavy metal tolerance at 25, 50, and 75 ppm cadmium (Cd) in a pot culture experiment. The mean root colonization potential at 25 ppm Cd inoculated with R. irregularis was 48%, which had the highest probability to reach its maximum during 30 DAS. In the present study, Cd was accumulated to a tune of 22.2-38.3% in mycorrhizal roots, which was more than non-mycorrhizal roots. Cd addition at 25 and 50 ppm levels decreases its translocation to shoots to 28% in R. irregularis inoculated plants when compared to uninoculated treatments. The highest tolerance indices were observed in T 6 and T 7 with 100.59 and 98.34, respectively, showing its increased ability of cadmium to bear heavy metal up to a level of 50 ppm. R. irregularis inoculated maize adapted well at 25 ppm Cd and confirmed its significant role in reducing Cd accumulation toward the shoot system.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Root colonization at 25 ppm cadmium reached a mean of 48%, with maximum probability during 30 DAS.
- Treatment
- inoculated with R. irregularise0
- Interactor
- R. irregularis
Rhizophagus irregularise0symbiont - Outcome
- root colonization potentiale0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 48%e0
- Qualifier
- at 25 ppm Cde0
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The mean root colonization potential at 25 ppm Cd inoculated with R. irregularis was 48%, which had the highest probability to reach its maximum during 30 DAS.”
t0“maize roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhizal roots accumulated 22.2-38.3% cadmium, more than non-mycorrhizal roots.
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- mycorrhizal rootse0
- Interactor
- Rhizophagus irregularisRhizophagus irregularist0symbiont
- Outcome
- Cd was accumulatede0
- Direction
- more thane0
- Value
- 22.2-38.3%e0
- Comparator
- non-mycorrhizal rootse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cd was accumulated to a tune of 22.2-38.3% in mycorrhizal roots, which was more than non-mycorrhizal roots.”
t0“maize roots inoculated with root organ culture of Rhizophagus irregularis”
Claim · model-written summary
At 25 and 50 ppm cadmium, inoculated plants had 28% lower cadmium translocation to shoots than uninoculated plants.
- Treatment
- R. irregularis inoculated plantse0
- Interactor
- R. irregularisRhizophagus irregularise0symbiont
- Outcome
- translocation to shootse0
- Direction
- decreasese0
- Value
- 28%e0
- Qualifier
- 25 and 50 ppm levelse0
- Comparator
- uninoculated treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cd addition at 25 and 50 ppm levels decreases its translocation to shoots to 28% in R. irregularis inoculated plants when compared to uninoculated treatments.”
t0“maize roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatment T 6 had the highest reported tolerance index, 100.59.
- Treatment
- T 6e0
- Outcome
- tolerance indicese0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 100.59e0
- Qualifier
- up to a level of 50 ppme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest tolerance indices were observed in T 6 and T 7 with 100.59 and 98.34, respectively, showing its increased ability of cadmium to bear heavy metal up to a level of 50 ppm.”
t0“maize roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatment T 7 had a tolerance index of 98.34 among the highest reported.
- Treatment
- T 7e0
- Outcome
- tolerance indicese0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 98.34e0
- Qualifier
- up to a level of 50 ppme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest tolerance indices were observed in T 6 and T 7 with 100.59 and 98.34, respectively, showing its increased ability of cadmium to bear heavy metal up to a level of 50 ppm.”
t0“maize roots”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors reported good adaptation of inoculated maize at 25 ppm cadmium.
- Treatment
- R. irregularis inoculatede0
- Interactor
- R. irregularisRhizophagus irregularise0symbiont
- Outcome
- adapted welle0
- Qualifier
- at 25 ppm Cde0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“R. irregularis inoculated maize adapted well at 25 ppm Cd and confirmed its significant role in reducing Cd accumulation toward the shoot system.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors concluded that R. irregularis significantly reduces cadmium accumulation in shoots.
- Treatment
- R. irregularis inoculatede0
- Interactor
- R. irregularisRhizophagus irregularise0symbiont
- Outcome
- Cd accumulation toward the shoot systeme0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Qualifier
- at 25 ppm Cde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“R. irregularis inoculated maize adapted well at 25 ppm Cd and confirmed its significant role in reducing Cd accumulation toward the shoot system.”
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